Health Determinant Assignment Paper

During your tour of the city, describe 1 observation related to the 3 selected determinants of health. (a total of 3 observations must be described). Note indicators of high or low employment. Consider education levels, number of female head of households, and median household incomes for example. Finally, describe a total of 3 strategies or evidence based recommendations to help reduce or eliminate the selected observations noted during your Sentinel City® tour. The 3 selected determinants are: 1) social economic environment 2) physical environment 3) Individual lifestyle.Health Determinant Assignment Paper

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All submissions must have a minimum of two scholarly references to support your work

Any observant person understands that one’s position in life and the adversities associated with poverty, ignorance, and powerlessness erode health and shorten life. By the middle of the nineteenth century there were already careful, detailed inquiries in England, France, Germany, and the United States on how the conditions of the poor cut life short. Edwin Chadwick, in his report on sanitary conditions in England, noted that in London’s Bethnal Green mechanics, servants, and laborers and their families died at an average age of sixteen, whereas gentlemen and professionals died at an average age of forty-five. 1 John Griscom, a physician at the New York Hospital, noted in a comparable investigation of the laboring population of New York in 1845, “The rich…live in larger houses, with freer ventilation, and upon food better adapted to support health and life. Their means of obtaining greater comforts and more luxuries, are to them, though perhaps unconsciously, the very reason of their prolonged lives. Health Determinant Assignment Paper

Thousands of studies since then have confirmed and elaborated such observations. Almost every outcome conceivable—from fetal wastage and perinatal mortality, infant mortality, developmental problems, disability, distress, and longevity—has been found to be associated with social position. There has been a recent outpouring of publications on the topic. I focus here on a British inquiry on inequalities in health and four collections of papers and essays published in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada, but my larger goal is to explore the importance of social class and other social determinants of health and to suggest ways of improving health. Health Determinant Assignment Paper

In both England and the United States growing inequalities amid economic growth have helped to redirect attention to the issue. The election of Britain’s Blair government especially focused interest on possible remedial efforts as part of New Labour’s agenda. The Acheson report, commissioned by the secretary of state for health, made thirty-nine principal recommendations to alleviate poverty and reduce inequalities. While generally following the 1980 Black report, which was repressed by the Thatcher government, the newer report is vague in specification of underlying strategies and priorities. 4 The recommendations involve income redistribution through increased benefits and pensions, which are concrete but politically difficult, and many other programs whose costs and effectiveness are unclear.Health Determinant Assignment Paper

The other four volumes also abound with recommendations on reducing inequalities through policy changes in almost every sector, from child care and nutrition to employment and transportation. Beyond the moral questions concerning the persistence of poverty in an environment of plenty, such recommendations have relevance for the development of human capital for an increasingly complex global economy; for the maintenance of safe and livable communities; and for future demands on health care, social welfare, and criminal justice systems.Health Determinant Assignment Paper

The U.K. National Health Service (NHS), the most strictly rationed Western health care system, and the United States, with the highest health expenditures, are both troubled by potential future health demand, as are policymakers in most other nations. They believe (probably mistakenly) that healthy populations will make fewer demands for expensive medical and other interventions, and they exhort their constituencies to practice more health-promoting behaviors. The mental leap between such conventional ideas and appreciation that different social structures produce varying health outcomes is a significant shift in paradigm. Although not a new idea, it is not one that policymakers easily embrace.Health Determinant Assignment Paper

“There is a social gradient in the relationship between SES and health that transcends any plausible concept of poverty, deprivation, ignorance, or powerlessness.”

The social determinants of health that typically make up this field of study are social class, sex, age, race, and ethnicity. In this essay I focus mainly on social class but note that there is a rich and growing literature indicating that social stratification has significant health effects beyond social class.Health Determinant Assignment Paper

CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL CLASS
The concept of social class is intended to characterize how groupings of persons organized in hierarchical arrangements relate to one another in terms of social standing, authority, and power and influence. 5 Its more simple proxy—socioeconomic status (SES)—characterizes most empirical research, however. Typically, it is measured by education, income, occupation, and sometimes residential location. These measures are highly associated but commonly explain different components of the relationship between SES and health, suggesting that each acts through somewhat different pathways. Investigators commonly build indices that combine these effects into a single SES measure, although with powerful statistical approaches it is more reasonable to analyze components individually to assess their independent as well as their cumulative effects.Health Determinant Assignment Paper

Most epidemiological studies on social determinants seek to elucidate the specific pathways through which SES functions. By identifying such mediating factors as knowledge, health habits and behavior, diet and nutrition, occupational and housing hazards, control over one’s work and one’s life, social supports, coping capacities, and the like, they seek to explain the relationship and inform social interventions. The assumption is that if the pathways are completely and correctly described, the health disadvantages of those who are less privileged will be explained, and this will enable more well-designed, targeted interventions.Health Determinant Assignment Paper

Many factors combine together to affect the health of individuals and communities. Whether people are healthy or not, is determined by their circumstances and environment. Factors such as where we live, the state of our environment, genetics, our income and education level, and our relationships with friends and family all have considerable impacts on health

HOW JUNK FOOD INFLUENCE OUR LIFE * JUNK FOOD is a slang term for food that is low in nutritional value, often highly processed or ready-prepared, and eaten instead of or in addition to well-balanced meals * List of junk food: fried food, chips, fast food, ham, sausage, candy,chuy gum, chocolate, soft drinks and other types of drink.

Health Promotion Essay- The Determinants of Health The determinants of health are economic and social conditions that affect people’s health status. These influence the living and working conditions that impacts people’s everyday living condition. Factors such as the place and the environment we live in, genetics, educational level or work status and income, as well as friends and family are some of the aspects that affects our health condition. On the other hand, the people that have an access to good health care and have financial stability are less susceptible and are often less affected. (NANB, 2009) There are difficulties and challenges on how to facilitate and what tools to use to resolve the determinants of health Health Determinant Assignment Paper

The health of an individual and their communities is affected by several elements which combine together. Whether an individual is healthy or not, is determined by their circumstances and environment.1 To a greater extent, factors such as where an individual lives, their relationships with family and friends, the state of their environment, income, genetics and level of education all have significant impacts on health, however the more frequently considered factors such as access and use of health care facilities regularly have less of an impact.6 Determinants of health is a term which was introduced in the 1970s as part of a broader analysis of research and policy on public health. Health Determinant Assignment Paper  Researchers argued that there was a lot of attention and too much expenditure on health being dedicated to individuals and their illnesses, and little or no investment in populations and their health. It was decided that public health should be more concerned with social policies and social determinants than with health facilities and the outcomes of diseases.7 The determinants of health include social and economic environment, physical environment and an individual’s behaviour and characteristics. The environment of an individual determines their health, holding responsible an individual for having poor health or acknowledging them for good health is inappropriate. Individuals are not likely to be able to control several of the determinants of health. These determinants that make individuals healthy or not include the factors above, and numerous others. Health Determinant Assignment Paper