Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

The role of a nurse in health care and health policy
The legislative process is a pivotal process that shapes the health care policy within the country. The US healthcare system requires a lot of influencing and lobbying in order to adopt or to implement the necessary health care reform policies. The nurses are the relevant people to push for these reforms through their associations or alliances e.g. The Nursing Organizations Alliance (NOA).Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

ORDER  HERE A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

The nurses hold the most influential position in driving for the necessary healthcare reforms; this is because of their numbers, expertise and also their positions. The evidence of these numbers is demonstrated by a statistical report which shows that in every 44 female voters in the US there is one nurse. Secondly, in every 100 voters there is one nurse. Finally, there is evidence that there are 100,000 nurses in every congressional district (source: Leavitt, 2003).Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

Given the position and the well earned respect for nurses by the American public (The Gallup poll has shown that nurses are top ranking when it comes to ‘Honesty and Ethics in profession’).All these factors are evidence that the nurses can indeed influence the healthcare policy and the policy makers. There is need for nurses to develop an interest and an understanding in the legislative process if they are to be knowledgeable of the political environment, which is a determinant in the making of the health care policies.Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

Nurses play a very important role in advocating for the rights of their patients, this is so because they are at the best position of understanding the healthcare needs of the patients and this therefore gives them the authority to advocate for better health care reform policies for these patients.

Nurses must therefore move from the reactive response approach to a more strategically planned approach with regard to the changing healthcare policies. Another role of a nurse in health policy is to understand these policies; this directly implies that nurses must know the people to influence, how to influence these people and the right time to influence these people. A nurse also needs to be politically aware in order to stay abreast with the changing issues in the political environment and this is done through a network of nursing organization that keeps the nurses informed of the changing political affairs.Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

The nurses must also form strategic alliances with other organization in order for them to remain influential and to have a stronger voice in advocating for reforms. The alliances create or result to the creation of a bigger impact. Nurses must be very decisive in their approach to health care policies and this can be done through them taking an active role in making recommendations to health care bills when they are brought to the public for consultations. The nurses also have a responsibility in being or holding positions where they can be consulted with regard to health care policy issues e.g. there are three nurses in the US congress namely Eddie Bernice Johnson, Carolyn McCarthy, and Lois Capps.Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

The current issues and problems
The American healthcare system has been facing numerous challenges. The sudden paradigm shift from a healthcare system based on provision of quality care to one that is guided by the market based economic models, has led to the urgent need for the health care reforms. One of the major problems that were faced by the US healthcare system was the increasing customer demand for reduced healthcare costs and the adoption of a structured business plan, played a role in the erosion of the public’s concept of an ideal healthcare as that of humanitarian service.Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

This particular flawed model led to increased nursing malpractice law suits and even patient errors (This was described by the American Hospital Association as the ‘worst disaster to hit the American hospitals’, and this was in the year 1995.There have been many institutions taking the fore front in looking at the American healthcare flawed system and these include the Health Research and Service Administration (HRSA) and the Institute Of Medicine (IOM).Another problem is the increased number of American deaths due to avoidable medical errors and these numbers are estimated to stand at a staggering 98,000.Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

It can be argued that the current healthcare system is on the brink of collapse and all the positive aspects of this system maintained. It is also undeniable that the registered nurses (RN) are the key ingredient to a better health care policy. They also form the largest number of healthcare professionals (are about 2.4 million).There is a developing trend in terms of shortage in the number of qualified nurses; this has tampered with the efficient access to safe and quality health care. The supply of new nurses getting into the healthcare system is incomparable to the number of RNs demanded by the healthcare system (There are fewer RNs compared to the new ones getting into the market)Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

It would be too general and maybe inaccurate to claim that the health care system is in need of more nurses but it would be accurate to point out the fact that the healthcare system is in need of highly educated and very professional nurses who are in tune with the ever changing health care industry (the technology, advanced medical practices et cetra).Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

The projection made by the US bureau of labour Statistics Statistics has estimated that there will be an increased need of more than one million new and replacement nurses by the year 2016. (This increase will help deal with the increased demand for the nurses within the healthcare system. The other problem is the Nurse faculty Shortage, , the nursing educational system is also equally strained, and this is mainly due to the limitations in capacity within this learning institutions. Last year alone there were 40,285 qualified applicants who were denied student positions within the baccalaureate and nursing programmes. The reason for this is because of limited faculty positions of about 7.6% (source: Special Survey on Vacant Faculty Positions by AACN in July 2008)Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

Ways of solving these problems
The problem of the nursing shortage can be resolved through the following measures

Increasing the number of qualified and highly educated nurses (specifically those with a baccalaureate degree or possible higher) ); the reason for this recommendation is because of the increase in acute patients who suffer from multiple health complications e.g. (diabetes, obesity) and therefore demand more independent nursing personnel who are more critical in their decision making, take the place of traditional care givers and also train patients on ways of maintaining good health.Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay
Recommendations have also been made by the National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice, the US Secretary for Health and Human Services and also by the policy advisors to the congress on the need for About two thirds of the practicing nurses to hold a baccalaureate degree or higher (in the nursing profession) by the year 2010.Only 47.2 % of nurses are holders of degrees at the baccalaureate level or above. There are also efforts from the AACN, ANA (American nursing association) and also the American Organization of Nurse Executives to have the RNS to get education at the baccalaureate level or even more.Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

The second solution is to Reauthorizing the Title VIII Nursing Work force Development Programmes (they are authorized under the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.296 et Seq).The Nursing Workforce Development programs have in the past addressed various issues of nursing shortages which range from retention, recruitment to education. The Title VIII program usually Award education grants to schools of nursing and also more direct support to nursing students through loans, scholarships, and traineeships. This ensures that qualified nurses are available to give qualified health care.Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

Politics and Nursing
The nursing profession operates under many strict government regulations and laws as well as facility-specific policies on an everyday basis. Many laws help to keep the nurses and their patients safe. The nurses’ involvement with politics begins the moment they begin nursing school. The very curriculum that nurses must successfully accomplish is the result of a political process in order to implement a standard for minimum education to enter the workforce. Nurses learn about community health nursing and the importance of advocating for their patients. It may be overlooked that being politically active and involve in policy making is patient advocacy.
Nurses occupy a strategic position to be able to focus on the healthcare needs of diverse, vulnerable and underrepresented groups, inclusive of individuals who need to become knowledgeable and literate about healthcare services, individuals living with chronic and incurable diseases, individuals without access to healthcare, and those who are marginalized, possibly because of social stigmatization and lifestyle choices. (Adegbola, 2013, p. 3) As Adegbola points out nurses have a unique position between policy making and the patients that are affected.Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay

81 Interest Groups in Health Care Policy and Politics Interest group-people who share the same interest directly with political processes
Factions-special interests, pressure groups, or organized interests

• Development of interest groups o James Madison’s The Federalist No. 10 (1787)
 Republic
 “The best wisdom is to control the effects of interest groups”
 Interest group roots fall back on the constitution and the birth of the American version of democracy o Alexis de Tocqueville, French philosopher and politician
• Functions and methods of influence o Lobbying- “direct influence of public officials and ultimately an influence on their decisions or legislation” o Grass Roots Mobilization- “indirectly influencing officials through constituency contract” o Electoral Influence-“can be considered the primary prevention of policymaking because it is important activity that precedes policy work.” o Shaping public opinion- overlaps with electoral influence and grassroots mobilization; it involves issue advocacy and public percuasion, similar to campaigning for an issue Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare Essay