Critical Appraisal: Sanitation and Hospital Acquired Infection

Introduction

The clinical issue at hand is the consideration of the general population as an issue in the effective management of prevention measures. In that way raising the question of the management of the patient population and the risk of exposure to affects both the nursing community and the patients. This is especially important in understanding the inconvenience created by a specific demographic of patients such as tobacco and nicotine users. The main issue at hand is focused on is the cleaning staff whose actions affect patients. In intention to understand this aspect, the question is the personal motivation in curing and the need for information dissemination. This is necessary for the general population to understand the symptoms and gain more knowledge of common diseases. This paper will look at two peers reviewed qualitative research articles to understand the findings and its contribution to this research question in the context of nursing practice. Additionally, there will be a discussion on the ethical considerations at institutional and individual participation levels to the article’s contribution in the improvement of care delivery and improved outcomes by establishing a purpose.  Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Essay

Qualitative Study Background of Study

Developing technology means there are developing issue in other parts including the type of sanitation that can be available in the hospital and the clinic. Therefore, the likelihood of the increased need for efficiency in prevention is considered through the identification of alternative to smoking in healthcare facilities.

Article 1: Replacement Therapy in Smoking Cessation

According to the article, Buller et al. (2014), there is a need to understand that smoking as a vice affect the 18-30-year-old adult population and therefore, in trying to prevent the issue at hand in a healthcare setting, the consideration of using a patch is necessary. Regarding this, the paper addresses the issue of the effectiveness of nicotine patch in smoking cessation and thus provision of an opportunity to help in smoking cessation. Given this, the article supports the preferential treatment to smoking as replacement therapy especially in young adults who are the prevalent population in the U.S. Therefore the question is raised are:

• Identification of an alternative method of smoke cessation
• The effectiveness of replacement therapy in helping cessation of smoking in the identified population.

In consideration of this, the purpose and the research question were related to the same problem by taking into account the intervention, the population affected, eth existing systems, and the available solutions.

Article 2:

On the other hand, according to Metrik, Spillane, Leventhal, & Kahler (2011), there is a question of the gap in understanding whether marijuana affects the outcomes of cessation of smoking. As a comparative element, the article points out that alcohol use is known to impede cessation of smoking. Therefore, there is an existing gap to understand the effects of marijuana to the user population hence the authors establish the significance of the study by pointing out that there is little known, frequency of smoking marijuana is high on the users and in effect a need for predictability in relapses. Therefore the questions raised are:

• Does marijuana smoking affect cessation of nicotine smoking? Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Essay
• Can marijuana smoking be used is the substitution of alcohol use and tobacco smoking?

The question as is related to the research purpose and question as they explicitly question the availability of more information and address the gap in research while taking into account, the effect on the user population.

Method of Study

In the research by Buller et al. (2014), the main method of study was qualitative research through article and database review in addition to grey literature. A representative sample has been used form a pool carefully chosen in line with intervention measures. This methodology was appropriate for the study as it took into account the existing research that has been extensively done hence used in recognition of available gaps. Several articles have been cited in support of developing an issue and tackling the argument with careful consideration of the gaps in study hence logic in the arguments. This gaps and challenges have been addressed using even more studies and further elaboration of the developing changes with time. This can be seen in the carefully developed framework of study findings that point out that available statistics and its interpretation.

In the research by Metrik, Spillane, Leventhal, & Kahler (2011),

The methodology used is direct experimentation and observation in replacement of tobacco and alcohol use with marijuana. There is, therefore, a comparative element of alcohol using marijuana nonsmoker and smoker with nonalcoholic users from the sample pool. Older article and recently done have been used to show the generational development of information and the existing information. However, there is a lack of evaluation of the strengths of the article used and eth challenges hence a lack of addressing of the validity of claim generally. However, this does not stop the authors from having a logical explanation to the information and in that way buildup of a well thought out argument such as the definition of desirable goal for the user and smoker in cessation trial to the difficult that create relapses.

Results of Study

Buller et al. (2014), concludes that many of the young adult population have tried to cease smoking and the replacement therapy with nicotine patch has been successful in community-based services. Therefore, it shows that nursing practice should be considered outside the healthcare facility to effectively reach to a wider population especially when it comes to preventive measures. In this way, information dissemination is key in the improvement of population health.  Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft Essay

Metrik, Spillane, Leventhal, & Kahler (2011) conclude that marijuana smokers would need intervention in smoking cessation and the lack of information is one of the challenges in this area. There is an indication of heavy alcohol use with marijuana smoking and difficult level of cessation is similar across in both nicotine and marijuana smokers. The article, therefore, contributes to nursing by pointing out that there is no differentiation between these patients and therefore the type of smoking should affect the diagnosis and methodology of treatment. However, more study is needed at the institutional and administrative level to provide education on the same.

Ethical Considerations

Both articles show that consent was asked from the participants with no conflict of interest declared and where there is the condition have been clearly stated and author names given. Participation for the counseling session in Southeastern New England for one of the article shows a consent in research from the individual. This shows the institutional review and approval for both articles by the health board and the HHS. Where the article is published after review. Subsequently, there is confidentiality that gives privacy to the participants by only using their age and smoking history. Declaration of communication channel and availability also shows openness to the public for complaints to be raised f they arise with legal disclaimers declared.

Conclusion

The article gave insight into the logical development of research question in line to nursing roles and practice and thus generalization of the understanding of issues to address. Therefore there is a critical analysis of information from historical and present study to account for the developing of nursing care implementation and applicable intervention by pointing out the interest, existing gaps, and purpose.