Health Update Document Report

Health Update Document
Prepare a document that outlines the health field in terms of where we are now and what the future may bring. Using credible resources (e.g CDC, NCHS, NIH, etc.), identify current levels of morbidity and mortality for chosen disease concerns and/or health deterrents. State the impact of those current levels of morbidity and mortality as they relate to our future society. Include how an individual’s genetics, environment, health care access and personal behavior (behavior risks/protective factors) fit into the equation. All responses should be typed into this document and uploaded to Blackboard (50 pts). Health Update Document Report.

Start by selecting a disease or health deterrent associated with a lack of physical activity.

Health issue selected: Diabetes
Locate the current levels of morbidity (those living with the disease) and mortality (those who died from the disease) for your selected health issue. Try to locate statistics from within the last 5 years for your chosen health issue. (4 pts)
Describe the impact of the current levels of morbidity and mortality as they relate to the future of our society. Discuss the impact on individuals, families, communities, and the United States. (5 pts)
Being a chronic disease with a lot complications, diabetes places huge financial burden on the family and the individual. Individuals and families incur costs such as for drugs, hospital care, and insulin. Other individual costs are in terms of increased insurance. It also has economic implications to the nation in terms of increased budgetary expenditure to combat the disease.
For the health issue listed, describe how an individual’s genetics, environment, health care access and personal behavior (behavior risks/protective factors) fit into the equation. This should not be your opinion. Cite the research you located on your topic. (8 pts)

Role of an individual’s genetics:

Studies have found that genetic factors play a role in diabetes. According to (Dorman and Bunker, 2000), first degree relatives are at a greater risk of developing type 1 diabetes than non-relatives from the general population. Health Update Document Report.
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Role of an individual’s environment:

According to Knip et al (2005), some of the environmental factors that causes diabetes include stress, unhealthy food, social isolation, and exposure to chemicals.

Role of an individual’s health care access:

In a study by Zhang et al (2008), limited health care access was found to positively correlate with diabetes incidences. The study further found out that being uninsured was a factor to blame for failure to detect diabetes in its early stages. Consequently, failure to detect has led to the high prevalence rates.

Role of an individual’s personal behavior:

Behavioral factors such as alcohol intake, unhealthy eating and lack of physical exercises are among the leading causes of diabetes (Zhang et al, 2008). Health Update Document Report. As such, more efforts need to be directed towards behavioral strategies in order to modify these behaviors and consequently reduce the prevalence of the disease.

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Minimum of 2 references (cited APA style) (4 pts)

Source #1:
WHO (2015). Diabetes: the cost of diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs236/en/

Source #2:

CDC (2012). Diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/diabetes.htm

Health issue selected: Cancer

Locate the current levels of morbidity and mortality for your selected health issue. (4 pts)
Describe the impact of the current levels of morbidity and mortality as they relate to the future of our society. Discuss the impact on individuals, families, communities, and the United States. (5 pts)
Just like diabetes, cancer is a huge economic burden for the individuals, families, community, and even the country. Economic burdens to individuals are due to missed employment opportunities and cost of treatment. Going forward, the economic implications of the disease is expected to increase as it is projected that cancer cases will increase by 30% in the next decade (CDC, 2014).
For the health issue listed, describe how an individual’s genetics, environment, health care access and personal behavior (behavior risks/protective factors) fit into the equation. This should not be your opinion.  Health Update Document Report.Cite the research you located on your topic. (8 pts)
Role of an individual’s genetics:
A study by Claus et al (1996) found out that cancer was related to individual’s genetic make-up. In the study 10% and 7% of ovarian and breast cancer women cases had the cancer gene. In addition, the women came from families that had cases of cancer
Role of an individual’s environment:
A study by Danaei et al (2005) established that urban air pollution, indoor pollution (especially smoke from coal), and unsafe therapeutic injections as the environmental factors behind cancer.

Role of an individual’s health care access:

A study by Facione (1999) found out that lack of finance to pay for health services, previous experience in health service were some of the factors that had an influence on low screening behaviors for cancer among the population under study. Failure to detect the disease in early stages explains the high prevalence rates. Health Update Document Report.

Role of an individual’s personal behavior:

Behavioral factors such as smoking accounts for 21% of all cancer cases. Other behavioral factors attributed to the disease include alcohol, unsafe sex which leads to cervical cancer and alcohol consumption a causal factor of liver and esophageal cancer (Danaei et al, 2005).

Minimum of 2 references (cited APA style) (4 pts)

Source #1:
CDC (2012). Cancer. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/cancer.htm

Source #2:

Remington, P. L. & Brownson, R. C. (2011). Fifty Years of Progress in Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Control. Retrieved from ttp://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6004a12.htm
With either one of the health issues you chose, how may the field of epidemiology need to change in dealing with the health issue? Meaning, is there enough being done? Are current studies enough? Are enough people getting help? Are answers being found? (5 pts)
Though progress have been made in identifying the causes of chronic diseases such as cancer in the US in the past century that has seen an increase in life expectancy by 30 years, more has to be done. Currently, intervention measures are being implemented in the US. These include preventive services such as screening, counselling, and medications. Others are media, policy, and environmental interventions such as physical activity.Health Update Document Report.  In spite of these measures, there has been a rise in cancer rates. Therefore, to effectively deal with this disease more prospective based research has to be done on how various factors interact to cause the disease. Moreover, research findings should be translated into practice. Other measures which should be taken include close monitoring of risk factors and development of strong policies and programs to curb the menace (Remington & Brownson, 2011).
Grammar/Spelling/Organization (3 pts)

References

CDC (2014). US cancer survivors face significant economic burden. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/p0612-cancer-survivors.html
Claus, E. B., Schildkraut, J. M., Thompson, W. D. & Risch, S. J. (1998). The genetic attributable risk of breast and ovarian cancer. American cancer society, 77(11), 2318-2324.
Facione, N. C. (1999). Breast cancer screening in relation to access to health services. Oncol Nur forums, 26(4), 686-696
Zhang X., Geiss, L.S, Cheng,Y. J., Beckles, G. L., Gregg, E. W., & Kahn, H.S. (2008). The Missed Patient With Diabetes: How access to health care affects the detection of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(9):1748-1753. doi:10.2337/dc08-0572. Health Update Document Report.