The Importance of Innovative Clinical Systems in Facilitating Efficiency .

Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”The Importance of Innovative Clinical Systems in Facilitating Efficiency .

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Develop an annotated bibliography that follows the organization of the Sample Annotated Bibliography resource provided in this Competency.
Complete the annotated bibliography for each of the five peer-reviewed articles you selected for the one type of clinical system you selected. Be sure to include the following:
An introduction of each peer-reviewed article selected.
APA citation of each peer-reviewed article selected.
Summarize the study in each peer-reviewed article selected.
Analyze each peer-reviewed article selected. What are the benefits and limitations of each peer-reviewed article?
Explain the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system that each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples.The Importance of Innovative Clinical Systems in Facilitating Efficiency .

Healthcare informatics or nursing informatics to be specific is a relatively young specialty. The movement towards having technology assist in reducing the incidence of human errors in healthcare started with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report published in 1999 and titled To Err Is Human. Te report was revolutionary in that it showed that up to 98,000 patients were dying annually at that time as a result of preventable human errors (Palatnik, 2016). Technology was therefore touted as one single innovation that would improve the quality of healthcare by facilitating human effort in delivering quality healthcare. Other legislative policies followed that made it mandatory to have electronic health record or EHR systems in all healthcare settings (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2017). Better still, various technological clinical systems have emerged that help to disseminate health information as well as assist with therapy and follow up. This paper is an annotated bibliography of five current studies that provide evidence that these clinical systems are efficacious in facilitating efficiency and improving patient outcomes.The Importance of Innovative Clinical Systems in Facilitating Efficiency .
The Annotated Bibliography of Current Literature
Rao-Gupta, S., Kruger, D., Leak, L.D., Tieman, L.A., & Manworren, R.C.B. (2018). Leveraging interactive patient care technology to improve pain management engagement. Pain Management Nursing, 19(3), 212–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2017.11.002
The authors investigated the efficacy of a clinical system that would be useful with regard to pain management. By making use of an interactive patient care technology, integration was achieved between this interactive innovative technology and the automated medication dispensing (ADC) component of ERH systems. The dashboard of the concerned EHR system was then used to record data from both components. Analysis of this data demonstrated that there was a statistically significant increase in patient satisfaction with regard to pain relief. The clinical system definitely increased efficiency of the ADC and improved patient outcomes. The lesson learnt is that EHRs can conveniently interface with innovative technological clinical systems to better healthcare quality.The Importance of Innovative Clinical Systems in Facilitating Efficiency .
Alotaibi, Y., & Federico, F. (2017). The impact of health information technology on patient safety. Saudi Medical Journal, 38(12), 1173–1180. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2017.12.20631
These authors found out that there are various types of clinical systems sold by a wide array of vendors but which had different levels of efficacy and ability to improve patient outcomes. A good number of them could not interface with the EHRs of organizations, meaning that interoperability was a major issue that would create care fragmentation. Fourteen clinical systems were found by the authors to be evidence-based and robust in terms of improving efficacy and patient outcomes. These clinical systems included patient data management systems or PDMS, bar code medication administration or BCMA, computerized provider order entry or CPOE, electronic medical record or EMR, and clinical decision support (CDS) systems amongst others. The lesson learnt here is that not all clinical systems sold by vendors increase efficacy and improve patient outcomes. Careful choice should therefore be made when choosing what system to purchase.The Importance of Innovative Clinical Systems in Facilitating Efficiency .
Fedele, D.A., Cushing, C.C., Fritz, A., Amaro, C.M., & Ortega, A. (2017). Mobile health interventions for improving health outcomes in youth. JAMA Pediatrics, 171(5), 461. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0042
The authors of this study purposed to study innovative clinical systems that make use of the concept of the mobile phone. They set out to determine if these mobile phone-based clinical systems would ensure efficacy and in the end improve the desired patient outcomes. Their main areas of interest were the dissemination of health promotion educational messages to a large patient population. Being a meta-analysis, the results of this study provide the highest level of evidence for the efficacy of these mobile phone-based clinical systems. The results showed that clinical systems using the mobile phone as a platform are fast, efficient, efficacious, cost-effective, and friendly in delivering healthcare information to a large number of targeted patient populations. In this process, patient outcomes were improved significantly. The lesson learnt here is that the future of healthcare technology is in the hand-held device called the smartphone.
El-Sawy, H.S., Al-Abd, A., Ahmed, T., El-Say, K.M., & Torchilin, V.P. (2018). Stimuli-responsive nano-architectures drug delivery systems to solid tumor micromilieu: Past, present and future perspectives. ACS Nano, 12(11), 10636–10664. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b06104
The authors in this article decided on their part to investigate clinical systems that operate at the nano level and use nanotechnology to improve patient outcomes. They specifically concentrated on cancer pharmacotherapy. Their results showed that the clinical systems used to deliver medication with precision to cancer cells were efficacious and very significantly improved patient outcomes by sparing normal body cells and only targeting cancer cells. The lesson learnt is that it is possible to have a lasting cure for cancer in the future through novel clinical systems.The Importance of Innovative Clinical Systems in Facilitating Efficiency .
Islam, M.M., Poly, T.N., & Li, Y.-C. (2018). Recent advancement of clinical information systems: Opportunities and challenges. Yearbook of Medical Informatics, 27(01), 083–090. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667075
Islam et al. (2018) investigated clinical systems devoted to preventing medical errors. The systems they investigated ended up proving that indeed they are indispensable in increasing efficiency, preventing medical errors, and improving patient outcomes. The lesson learnt was therefore that human errors are inevitable and can only be mitigated by the judicious and innovative use of technology.The Importance of Innovative Clinical Systems in Facilitating Efficiency .