Research Critique Guidelines – Part II

, ,

Research Critique Guidelines – Part II

Quantitative Studies

Background

Mazúchová et al. (2020) explores the bond that occurs between a mother and child during the post-partum period and factors that predict the different behaviors. It notes that the bond between a mother and child is reciprocal and emotional, and intended to maintain accessibility, proximity and attachment. It mentions Bowlbyʼs attachment theory, noting that it explains the relationship between a mother and child. Research Critique Guidelines – Part II. The article specifically notes that there are mother-infant bonding disorders and seeks to present a prediction model for these disorders. With this model, medical personnel would be better able to provide care in a manner that improves the relationship between the mother and child for the best outcomes.

Potgieter and Adams (2019) explores the influence of skin to skin contact in the bonding and touch between mother and child. It acknowledges that skin to skin contact is an acknowledged approach for providing care to preterm infants in settings with limited medical resources. In addition, it acknowledges that the practice is instrumental for initiating and maintaining breast feeding. Still, it notes that the benefits of skin to skin contact are not well documented with no clear evidence to support them. This has had a profound effect on high risk groups who are not convinced about the need for skin to skin contact and the benefits to be expected. Given this awareness, the study sought to present evidence showing that early skin to skin contact helps in improving mother-infant bonding and touch.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM -FREE PAPER NOW

How do these two articles support the nurse practice issue you chose?

The chosen nurse practice issue is the need for skin to skin contact in maternal-infant bonding for better development of the child while improving maternal behavior. It is postulated that skin to skin contact presents significant benefits to the child to include regulating heart rate and breathing, calm and relaxation, stimulated digestion and interest in feeding, and better skin colonization. Also, it positively influences maternal behavior by increasing the mother’s affective response to the baby and improving bonding. Mazúchová et al. (2020) supports the need for improved mother-infant bonding as it results in secure attachment that strengthens the child’s somatic and mental health. Research Critique Guidelines – Part II. The article offers a predictive model of how each behavior influences both the mother and child thereby helping nurse personnel to better assess patients and determine when to apply preventive interventions. Potgieter and Adams (2019) similarly supports the need for skin to skin contact, mentioning that longer contact would significantly promote initiation and duration of breastfeeding, and improve social-emotional, psychological, immunological, motor and cognitive development.

The two articles entail research studies that involve mothers and their infants. The interventions and comparison groups in the two articles are similar to the PICOT question as the focus remains on showing how skin to skin contact between the mothers and infants influence the newborns. Still, it is important to note that while the two studies explore the effects on both mothers and infants, the proposed study would only explore the effects on the infants.

Method of Study:

Mazúchová et al. (2020) adopts a quantitative cross-sectional study methodology in which questionnaires are used to collect quantitative data from the population sample with the data being used to make statistical inferences about the population of interest. A convenience population sample is recruited for the study. The study methodology has the benefit of not being costly to perform as it captures many variables at a specific point in time. Still, this methodology has the limitation of being unable to determine cause and effect relationships (Grove, Gray & Burns, 2015).

Potgieter and Adams (2019) adopts a correlational study design that compares outcomes for groups that experienced skin to skin contact against groups that did not experience skin to skin contact. The study applied a convenience sampling approach to recruit participants with questionnaires issued to collect data for the study. The research methodology (correlational study design) has the benefit of adopting a non-experimental approach that controls extraneous variables. Still, this methodology has the limitation of making it difficult to draw conclusions about the causal relationship between the variables being measured. Although the extraneous variables are controlled, conclusions cannot be drawn for the identified causal relationships (Grove, Gray & Burns, 2015).

Results of Study

Mazúchová et al. (2020) reports that among at risk women, the predictors of mother-infant bonding include child planning, parity, and support after birth. It makes it clear that there are predictors of the occurrence and quality of bonding between a mother and infant during the post-partum period. Research Critique Guidelines – Part II. The significant of secure mother-infant bonding creates a need for nurse personnel to emphasize the importance of the bonding. As such, it is important for nurses to identify the specific bonding predictors and implications for each patient in order to develop and implement the appropriate interventions that improve the bonding and ultimately contribute to the appropriate development of mother and child. The results have implications for nursing practice by enabling nurses to use the predictors in creating secure bonds for the mother and child.

Potgieter and Adams (2019) reports that longer mother-infant bonding is correlated with positive health outcomes for bother the child and mother. It specifically notes that skin to skin contact at the earliest opportunity after birth is advisable is advisable to improve health outcomes, although some of the results show great variability in the significance and clinical effect, which is likely caused by the small study sample of 41 mother-infant dyads. Still, the results of the study have implications for nursing practice by supporting their involvement in interventions in advising mothers to engage in breast feeding and other forms of skin to skin contact.

Outcomes Comparison

The PICOT question is: “In newborns, what is the effect of kangaroo care (skin-to-skin contact) to no skin-to-skin contact on parental bonding in infants from birth to six months?” It is expected that the group exposed to skin to skin contact will report better health outcomes for the infants to include increased touching and verbal interactions between the mother and child, better response to the mother’s body stimulation, and developing and progressing towards breast feeding nutritional behaviors in the newborn. In addition, it the contact is expected to improve social-emotional, psychological, immunological, motor and cognitive development of the child. The anticipated outcomes for the PICOT question are comparable to the findings presented in Mazúchová et al. (2020) and Potgieter and Adams (2019) as the two articles show improved health outcomes for the child.

References

Grove, S. K., Gray, J. R., & Burns, N. (2015). Study Guide for Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence-Based Practice (6th ed.). Elsevier/Saunders.

Mazúchová, L., Kelčíková, S., Porubská, A., Malinovská, N., & Grendár, M. (2020). Mother-Infant Bonding in the Postpartum Period and Its Predictors. Central European Journal of Nursing & Midwifery, 11(3), 121-129. https://doi-org.dbproxy.lasalle.edu/10.15452/CEJNM.2020.11.0022

Potgieter, K. L., & Adams, F. (2019). The influence of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact on bonding and touch. South African Journal of Occupational Therapy, 49(2), 11–17. https://doi-org.dbproxy.lasalle.edu/10.17159/2310-3833/2019/vol49n2a3. Research Critique Guidelines – Part II.

Research Critique Guidelines – Part II

Use this document to organize your essay. Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide a rationale, include examples, and reference content from the studies in your responses.

Quantitative Studies

Background

  1. Summary of studies. Include problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research question.

How do these two articles support the nurse practice issue you chose?

  1. Discuss how these two articles will be used to answer your PICOT question.
  2. Describe how the interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in your PICOT question.

Method of Study:

  1. State the methods of the two articles you are comparing and describe how they are different.
  2. Consider the methods you identified in your chosen articles and state one benefit and one limitation of each method.

Results of Study

  1. Summarize the key findings of each study in one or two comprehensive paragraphs.
  2. What are the implications of the two studies you chose in nursing practice?

Outcomes Comparison

  1. What are the anticipated outcomes for your PICOT question?
  2. How do the outcomes of your chosen articles compare to your anticipated outcomes?

Problem

Maternal- infant bonding starts at conception for most mothers but for babies the bond begins the moment the baby is born. “Lack of skin-to-skin care and early separation may disturb maternal–infant bonding, reduce the mother’s affective response to her baby, and have a negative effect on maternal behavior”(Unicef, 2019).   Skin to skin care or Kangaroo care helps the newborn acclimate to life outside of the womb along with several other benefits, such as ; “Calms and relaxes both mother and baby, regulates baby’s heart rate and breathing, stimulates digestion and an interest in feeding, regulates temperature, enable colonisation of the baby’s skin with the mother’s friendly bacteria which will provide protection against infection and stimulates the release of hormones to support breastfeeding and mothering”(Unicef, 2019).  Research Critique Guidelines – Part II.  Additional benefits for babies in the neonatal unit are, “improves oxygen saturation, reduces cortisol (stress) levels particularly following painful procedures, encourages pr-feeding behaviour, assists with growth and may reduce hospital stay”(Unicef, 2019).  If parents or guardians miss this important time with their newborns it is depriving them of fundamental needs to help them thrive.

 

Unicef UK. (2019, October 23). Skin-to-skin contact. Baby Friendly Initiative. https://www.unicef.org.uk/babyfriendly/baby-friendly-resources/implementing-standards-resources/skin-to-skin-contact/ 

PICOT Question:  In newborns, what is the effect of kangaroo care (skin-to-skin contact) to no

skin-to-skin contact on parental bonding in infants from birth to six months? Research Critique Guidelines – Part II.

of age.

Patient:   Infants from birth to six months

Intervention: Kangaroo care

Comparison: Kangaroo care vs. No skin to skin contact

Outcome: Strength of  bond between infant and guardian

Time: Not Used

ORDER A PLAGIARISM -FREE PAPER NOW

 

 

Criteria Article 1 Article 2 Article 3
APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink  

Maastrup, R., Weis, J., Engsig, A. B., Johannsen, K. L., & Zoffmann, V. (2017). ‘Now she has become my daughter’: parents’ early experiences of skin-to-skin contact with extremely preterm infants. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 32(2), 545–553. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12478

 Anderzén-Carlsson, A., Lamy, Z. C., Tingvall, M., & Eriksson, M. (2014). Parental experiences of providing skin-to-skin care to their newborn infant—Part 2: A qualitative meta-synthesis. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 9(1), 24907. https://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v9.24907

 

 Mazumder, S., Upadhyay, R. P., Hill, Z., Taneja, S., Dube, B., Kaur, J., Shekhar, M., Ghosh, R., Bisht, S., Martines, J. C., Bahl, R., Sommerfelt, H., & Bhandari, N. (2018). Kangaroo mother care: using formative research to design an acceptable community intervention. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5197-z

 
How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question? Parents early experiences of skin to skin care

 

 

 It determined The knowledge that parental provision of SSC has implications for the family beyond the actual SSC-situation is not new. However, the fact that such provision can be seen as becoming a parent under unfamiliar circumstances has not previously been described. From a family-centered perspective, it seems important to take this fact into consideration, as some of the situations described could threaten the future of the infant and family. This article relates to my PICOT question in regards to kangaroo care vs no skin to skin contact and is it an acceptable intervention.
Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?) Qualitative, Listed in article as qualitative, also focused on bonding with mother and there is no numerical data qualitative research findings focusing on parental experiences of skin-to-skin care (SSC) for newborn infants. Qualitative, focusing on in depth interviews with no numerical data
Purpose Statement To explore parents’ immediate experiences of skin‐to‐skin contact with extremely preterm infants <28‐week postmenstrual age. Research Critique Guidelines – Part II. To determine Parental experiences of providing skin-to-skin care to their newborn infant

 

 To come to a conclusion regarding Kangaroo care in poor countries and if it is acceptable practice.
Research Question What are parents experiences with skin to skin contact in extremely premature infants? What are parental experiences of skin-to-skin care (SSC) for newborn infant’s. Is Kangaroo care acceptable community intervention.

 
Outcome The parents’ immediate experiences of skin‐to‐skin contact with their extremely preterm infant indicated a progression from ambivalence to a feeling of fundamental mutual need for skin‐to‐skin contact. When synthesizing and interpreting the findings from the included analyses, a theoretical model of Becoming a parent under unfamiliar circumstances emerged. Providing SSC seems to be a restorative as well as an energy-draining experience. A supportive environment has been described as facilitating the restorative experience, whereas obstacles in the environment seem to make the provision of SSC energy-draining for parents. When the process is experienced as positive, it facilitates the growth of parental self-esteem and makes the parents ready to assume full responsibility for their child. Conclusion: The results show that SSC can be interpreted not only as a family-including and important health care intervention but also in terms of actually becoming a parent. Community-initiated KMC is acceptable by mothers and adoption rates are high.
Setting

(Where did the study take place?)

36‐bed level IV NICU at a Danish university hospital School of Health and Medical SciencesÖrebro University, Örebro, Sweden  Low and middle income countries (LMICs), including India
Sample 36 Beds Level IV NICU 29 original qualitative papers from 9 countries, reporting experiences from 401 mothers and 94 fathers. 40 in-depth interviews with recently delivered women and 6 focus group discussions, two each with fathers and grandfathers, grandmothers, and community health workers. 40 in-depth interviews
Method Observational study

PICOT Question and Literature Search

 Review of peer reviewed articles In depth interviews
Key Findings of the Study  Parents’ experiences were related to the process before, during and after skin‐to‐skin contact and moved from ambivalence to appreciating skin‐to‐skin contact as beneficial for both parents and infant. The process comprised three stages: (i) overcoming ambivalence through professional support and personal experience; (ii) proximity creating parental feelings and an inner need to provide care; (iii) feeling useful as a parent and realising the importance of skin‐to‐skin contact. Having repeatedly gone through stages 2 and 3, parents developed an overall confidence in the value of bonding, independent of the infant’s survival. Conclusions: Parents progressed from ambivalence to a feeling of fundamental mutual needs for skin‐to‐skin contact. Parents found the bonding facilitated by skin‐to‐skin contact to be valuable, regardless of the infant’s survival. Research Critique Guidelines – Part II. The parents, mainly mothers, experienced that SSC made them feel good, that it was a beneficial thing to do for their baby, and helped them to bond with their infant. Although they experienced a supportive environment that facilitated SSC, they at times felt exposed and described the environment as an obstacle. It seems to be of importance for professionals to be aware of these contradictory aspects of the environment and become aware of each individual parent’s experience. Mercer ([35]) emphasized that the kind of care a new mother receives during the first year following birth can have long-term effects on her and her offspring. We found that most mothers in the community recognized that babies born small required special care. In spite of not being aware of the practice of KMC, respondents felt that creating awareness of KMC benefits will promote practice. They expressed concerns about doing KMC for long periods because mothers needed rest after delivery. However, the cultural practice of recently delivered women not expected to be doing household chores and availability of other family members were identified as enablers. HH trials provided an opportunity to test the intervention package and showed high acceptability for KMC. Most mothers perceived benefits such as weight gain and increased activity in the infant.
Recommendations of the Researcher This article will help me answer PICOT question To use data in article to answer PICOT question Data presented in article will help with research relevant to PICOT Question

 

Criteria Article 4 Article 5 Article 6
APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink  

Mazúchová, L., Kelčíková, S., Porubská, A., Malinovská, N., & Grendár, M. (2020). Mother-Infant Bonding in the Postpartum Period and Its Predictors. Central European Journal of Nursing & Midwifery, 11(3), 121–129. https://doi-org.dbproxy.lasalle.edu/10.15452/CEJNM.2020.11.0022

 

 

 Potgieter, K. L., & Adams, F. (2019). The influence of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact on bonding and touch. South African Journal of Occupational Therapy, 49(2), 11–17. https://doi-org.dbproxy.lasalle.edu/10.17159/2310-3833/2019/vol49n2a3 Kow, S., Groot, J., Puthenparampil, J., Faruqi, J., Naqvi, F., Ali, I., Verma, A., & Naqvi, M. (2019). The Impact of “Mom/Dad of the Day” Cards, Newborn Heart Auscultation, and Father Skin-to-Skin Care on Parent-Newborn Bonding. Clinical Pediatrics, 58(3), 349–353. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922818817312
How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question? This article shows how skin to skin care can affect a child’s bond with their mother through a numerical outlet using questionnaires. This article presents numerical information about skin to skin contact and the interaction between mother and child. This article relates to the PICOT because it highlights skin to skin care and infant bonding with both parents and their satisfaction with these practices.
Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?) Quantitative, listed in the article and the study also focuses on the statistical significance so the numbers Quantitative study because if focused on the hours spent doing skin to skin and the outcomes related to the represented times. This is a quantitative study that focuses on the level of bonding the parents felt from having skin to skin.
Purpose Statement The aim of the study was to assess bonding between a mother and her child with an emphasis on its predictors as well as to identify the women who are at risk of mother-infant bonding disorders.

 

 The purpose of this study was to see how different lengths of time skin to skin contact is done will affect the mothers bond. The aim of this study was to see how parental infant bonding was effective with encouragement from staff and skin to skin with both parents.
Research Question How does mother and infant bond and how to identify if there are issues with the mother infant bonding. How does different length of skin to skin contact affect mother infant bond. How is infant bonding with their parent affected if both mom and dad do skin to skin along with listening to the infants heart.
Outcome 9.5% at-risk women in the F1; 1.5% at-risk women in the F2; 3.5% at-risk women in the F3; and 5% at-risk women in the F4. The following statistically significant predictors were shown in relation to the F1: child planning; the F3: parity; skin-to-skin contact support after birth

 

 No correlation was found between a longer duration of skin-to-skin contact and bonding within one week postpartum. A positive correlation was identified between two hours or more of skin-to-skin contact and bonding as well as a higher rating of affectionate touch during feeding at six to eight weeks postpartum. This was substantiated by an increase in touch during face-to-face interaction.

 

 The  study shows that current practices at Texas Tech Pediatrics at Northwest Texas Hospital System are received well by parents and is efficacious in promoting parental confidence and bonding with their infant. 96% of fathers and 94 % of mothers felt like this was a positive experience and should be offered to every family.
Setting

(Where did the study take place?)

three paediatric outpatient clinics of the Slovak Republic, Žilina Region

 

 This study took place in a private  health care sector in Gauteng, South Africa.

 

 Texas Tech Pediatrics at Northwest Texas Hospital System in Amarillo, Texas.
Sample The sample consisted of 200 women who were 0–6 weeks after childbirth. Female age groups were women aged 21 to 30 (64%) and women aged 31 to 40 (36%)

 

 

 The study sample was made up of a total of 41 mother-infant dyads. Twenty one dyads formed the low skin-to-skin group and 20 formed the high skin-to-skin group.

 

 study population included new parent(s) who have a neonate under the care of Texas Tech Pediatrics at Northwest Texas Hospital System in Amarillo, Texas
Method To collect the relevant data, the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) was used to assess the following four factors: quality of mother-infant bond (F1); rejection and pathological anger (F2); infant-focused anxiety (F3); incipient abuse of infant (F4).

 

 A quantitative correlational study design was used to examine whether correlations exist between the amount of skin-to-skin contact after birth and maternal-infant bonding and touch out- comes.

 

 The hospital practices giving “Mom/Dad of the Day” cards to all new parents, offering the opportunity for fathers to auscultate the newborn heart sound, and encouraging maternal and paternal skin-to-skin contact. New parents were asked to fill out 2 anonymous surveys regarding these practices.
Key Findings of the Study statistically significant predictors were shown in relation to the F1: child planning; the F3: parity; skin-to-skin contact support after birth.

 

 

 

 Early skin-to-skin contact positively influences mother-infant bonding and touch at six to eight weeks postpartum. Further more stringent research is however required to confirm these findings.

 

 with 96% fathers recommending that the hospital routinely offering opportunities for heart auscultation and 94% parents recommending “Mom/Dad of the Day” cards for all future parents in the hospital
Recommendations of the Researcher To create a concept of secure attachment tailored to suit our conditions as this is a crucial and protective factor in terms of mother-infant care and health, through midwife involvement in mother child bonding.

 

 This study found that early skin-to-skin contact had a positive influence on mother-infant bonding, affectionate touch in daily routine and tactile interactions between mothers and infants. The results were however variable in significance and clinical effect. Fur- ther more stringent research is required to confirm these findings.

 

 Small, nonmedical initiatives such as these are well received and can be feasibly adopted in more hospitals to improve patient quality of care. In addition, empowering parents in the hospital setting can further strengthen the patient-physician relationship. Continued innovation and scrutiny in how we deliver care and small initiatives such as these will no doubt improve outcomes in health care systems of all settings.

Research Critique Guidelines – Part II