Qualitative Study Critique Essay.

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Qualitative Study Critique Essay.

 

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE

For this assignment, you write your own qualitative study critique on one of the studies below
Choose one qualitative journal article from this list:
• Biezen, R., Grando, D., Mazza, D., & Brijnath, B. (2019). Visibility and transmission: complexities around promoting hand hygiene in young children: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 19(1), no pages.

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• da Silva Lins, H. N., Macêdo Paiva, L. K., Gonçalves de Souza, M., Cassimiro Lima, R. M., & Albuquerque, N. L. A. (2019). Experiences in women’s care: Doulas’ perception. Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 13(5), 1264–1269.

• Mele, B., Goodarzi, Z., Hanson, H. M., & Holroyd-Leduc, J. (2019). Barriers and facilitators to diagnosing and managing apathy in Parkinson’s disease: A qualitative study. BMC Neurology, 19(1), no pages.

Assignment Instructions
Read your selected journal article entirely.
Analyze the journal article and use the specific questions that are outlined in Gray, Grove, and Sutherland (2017) found on pages 445 through 449 to construct your analysis of your chosen qualitative research study. I WILL UPLOAD THESE PAGES
These are the main headers of your paper:
• Identifying the Steps of the Qualitative Research Process
• Determination of Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative Studies
• Evaluating a Qualitative Study
You have many questions to address in your assignment this week. They should be in complete sentences (i.e., bullet point responses are not acceptable).
APA format is required in your assignment Word document. Page length, excluding the title and references list, is 5 PAGES

Steps of Qualitative Research Process

  1. Introduction

Biezen et al. (2019) presents the results of a qualitative research study to explore the complexities of promoting hand hygiene among young children. A review of the author’s affiliations reveals that they have the qualifications to present the article. The title offers a clear indication of the concept being studied as hand hygiene and population of interest as young children. In addition, the article presents an abstract with a summary of the information contained with clear subsections as well as key words.

  1. Research Problem

The significance of the study is established as exploring the views of parents and primary care providers on factors that hinder and support efforts to promote hand hygiene among young children. The problem statement is explicitly stated, mentioning that although effective hand hygiene has positive implications for health and wellness among young children, the understanding and knowledge levels of primary care providers and parents concerning hand hygiene has implications for promoting the practice among children. Personal connections for selecting the topic are not identified, although the funding sources are clearly stated to show potential sources of bias.

III. Purpose and Research Question

The purpose of the study is to explore the knowledge levels and perceptions of primary care providers and nurses concerning hand hygiene among young children. The purpose is logical since parents and primary care providers are responsible for promoting hand hygiene among children. The question that the study sought to answer was whether primary care providers and parents followed the recommended protocols to reduce infectious disease in young children. This research question is related to the problem and purpose as it indicates the amount of effort that would be put into promoting hand hygiene. The assumption is that awareness of the link between hand hygiene and disease transmission would result in greater intention to promote hand hygiene practices. Qualitative methods are appropriate for answering the research question as they help to identify new themes concerning the problem.

  1. Literature Review

The article cites qualitative and quantitative studies that are relevant to the focus of the study. The studies are cited in the article and provide information on the research topic. Although the cited studies were relevant, not all of them are current as some of them were published as early as 2001 and yet the article was published 18 years later. The approach applied in identifying the relevant publications is not indicated. However, the citations that included 40 articles indicate that an extensive search was conducted with no clear indication that a search was conducted on CINAHL. Besides that, the cited studies were not evaluated and their limitations noted. Still, the literature review includes adequate synthesized information to build a logical argument to show that parents and primary care providers have an influence on hand hygiene behaviors among children, and that their knowledge levels have an influence on whether or not they influence children.

  1. Theoretical Perspective

The article describes a particular philosophy that what parents and primary care providers know has an influence on if and how they promote hand hygiene behaviors among young children. The research does not cite a primary source of the theoretical perspective, but appears to synthesize the information from many sources that are cited in the literature.

  1. Qualitative Approach

The study applies a cross-sectional qualitative research design that made use of interviews and focus groups with the participants. The study clearly states that its intention is to explore the views, knowledge and attitudes of parents and primary care providers towards hand hygiene practices and reducing infections among children. Towards this end, purposive sampling was applied to recruit 30 primary care providers and 50 parents who were provided with financial remuneration for their participation. The collected data was thematically analyzed to develop new understandings about the research objectives.

VII. Sampling and Sample

The study applied a purposive sampling approach that recruited 30 primary care providers and50 parents. The participants were motivated to participate in the study using financial remunerations. Purposive sampling was applied using advertisements restricted to sites in metropolitan area of Melbourne, Australia. One primary care provider was recruited from each metropolitan site.

VIII. Data Collection

Data was collected using interviews and focus group discussions. The parents were subjected to focus groups while primary care providers were subjected to interviews. Each session of the interviews and focus groups were restricted to sessions that did not exceed one hour. The participants signed a written consent before the interviews and focus groups, and provided with the promised remuneration at the end of the data collection.

  1. Protection of Human Participants

Participation in the study dos not present any significant risks. However, care was taken to ensure that the participants are protected. Participation was voluntary with the participants allowed to withdraw at any time of the study. In addition, the participants were required to signed an informed consent before participants to ensure that they understood the research details. The use of focus groups and interviews was considered appropriate as the topic was not sensitive enough to warrant significant protection of the participants. Besides that, none of the participants was identified using personal information thereby ensuring that they were adequately protected in the study. Additionally, there is an indication that ethical approval was sought from the relevant institutional review board before proceeding with the study.

  1. Data Management and Analysis

The study describes the data management and analysis approaches as applied with a clear audit trail. It notes that all discussions were first digitally recorded then transcribed verbatim. This ensures that all the acquired data would be available during the analysis. A thematic approach was applied in analyzing the data. This was intended to reduce bias in the data analysis by offering a clear structure. Additionally, the data was managed using NVivo10 software thus reducing opportunities for bias. Besides that, the initial themes were identified by the researchers and consensus approach used to determine the more appropriate themes.

  1. Findings

The study findings reveal that participants consider hand hygiene practices as important for improving health and wellness. However, the health improvements that can be achieved are limited by hand hygiene practices, disease transmission visibility, concerns about possible obsessions among children, perceived need and links between exposure and building immunity, and sceptics about hand hygiene practices being achievable among young children. In presenting the major themes identified in the findings, some of the participant interactions are quoted in the results. The findings ring true and resonate with the expected themes from the participants.

XII. Discussion

The limitations of the study are discussed. Firstly, it is noted that the study was conducted in metropolitan areas of Melbourne, thereby restricting the generalization to the area. Secondly, there is a possibility of selection bias as the selected participants were very interested in the topic of hand hygiene practices among young children. Thirdly, financial incentives were provided to the participants, and this may have influenced their responses.

In addition, the discussion compared the results of the study against other relevant publications to note the similarities and differences between the research findings. This allowed for a comprehensive analysis that determined where already known themes were being explored or new themes were being presented. The article concludes by discussing the implications for practice, noting that an awareness of important of hand hygiene practices among children is necessary for galvanizing parents and primary care providers to promote the practice among young children.

Strengths and Weaknesses

The research report has been well presented with sections that attest to a scientific process being applied. In addition, the methods and results sections show that the participants’ voice was presented and used to develop the themes. Besides that, there is clear progression of ideas that showed how the study proceeded by first identifying knowledge gaps then going on to fill the gaps. The research purpose is a logical approach to addressing the problem and has an intuitive fit with the research question related to the problem and purpose. It is clear that hand hygiene practices among children are heavily influenced by parents and primary care providers. As such, it is logical for parents and primary care providers to provide information about hand hygiene practices among children. The study is based on a board review of literature as indicated by the extensive citations and 40 references that were presented. Although it is unclear where the authors searched CINAHL, the large number for references are an indication that more than one database was searched (Schmidt & Brown, 2019). The review of literature is adequately synthesized and presented to build logical arguments about the need to targeted primary care provider and parents as agents for encouraging hand hygiene practices among children. There is enough evidence to support the arguments. The qualitative methods applied to collect data are appropriate as they engage the participants to collect their views. The methods are consistent with the philosophical tradition of qualitative research as they focus on identifying andpresenting emergent themes. The resources were available to support the participants with voluntary participation a key focus in allowing the participants to withdraw from the study if so desired. The findings addressed the purpose of the study by presenting the reasons why parents and primary care providers may or may not support children in adopting hand washing practices. The findings were consistent with the qualitative approach since they presented the key themes identified. The discussion acknowledged three study limitations, noting that they may have influenced the findings and outcomes. The implications of the study that were presented were consistent with the data and findings since they were based on the major themes as identified. At the conclusion of the study, the themes were used to develop new insights into how to best influence parents and primary care practitioners to enable children adopt hand washing practices(Schmidt & Brown, 2019).

Evaluation

The study is transparent with the researchers providing details about the study processes to include the methodology, findings and discussions. The potential sources of bias were identified and addressed, and those left unaddressed were discussed as part of the limitations. Strategies were adopted to increase rigor with the recordings transcribed verbatim, thematic analysis conducted by multiple researchers and consensus used to identify the key themes, and NVivo10 software used to manage the data. The study notes that each session with the participants did not exceed one hour for either the interviews or focus groups. The time was adequate for collecting the required data. The collected data was transformed into themes with researchers spending time on the data and using software to help with the data transformations. The study findings have limited transferability as the participants were collected from a single area. Still, the article offers critical insight on how to ensure that parents and primary care providers support young children to adopt hand washing practices (Schmidt & Brown, 2019).

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
For this assignment, you write your own qualitative study critique on one of the studies below
Choose one qualitative journal article from this list:
• Biezen, R., Grando, D., Mazza, D., &Brijnath, B. (2019). Visibility and transmission: complexities around promoting hand hygiene in young children: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 19(1), no pages.
• da Silva Lins, H. N., Macêdo Paiva, L. K., Gonçalves de Souza, M., Cassimiro Lima, R. M., & Albuquerque, N. L. A. (2019). Experiences in women’s care: Doulas’ perception. Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE, 13(5), 1264–1269.
• Mele, B., Goodarzi, Z., Hanson, H. M., & Holroyd-Leduc, J. (2019). Barriers and facilitators to diagnosing and managing apathy in Parkinson’s disease: A qualitative study. BMC Neurology, 19(1), no pages.
Assignment Instructions
Read your selected journal article entirely.
Analyze the journal article and use the specific questions that are outlined in Gray, Grove, and Sutherland (2017) found on pages 445 through 449 to construct your analysis of your chosen qualitative research study.I WILL UPLOAD THESE PAGES
These are the main headers of your paper:
• Identifying the Steps of the Qualitative Research Process
• Determination of Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative Studies
• Evaluating a Qualitative Study
You have many questions to address in your assignment this week. They should be in complete sentences (i.e., bullet point responses are not acceptable).
APA format is required in your assignment Word document. Page length, excluding the title and references list, is 5 PAGES