Mr. C Health Case Study Essay

Evaluate the Health History and Medical Information for Mr. C., presented below.

Based on this information, formulate a conclusion based on your evaluation, and complete the Critical Thinking Essay assignment, as instructed below.

Health History and Medical Information

Health History

Mr. C., a 32-year-old single male, is seeking information at the outpatient center regarding possible bariatric surgery for his obesity. He currently works at a catalog telephone center. He reports that he has always been heavy, even as a small child, gaining approximately 100 pounds in the last 2-3 years. Previous medical evaluations have not indicated any metabolic diseases, but he says he has sleep apnea and high blood pressure, which he tries to control by restricting dietary sodium. Mr. C. reports increasing shortness of breath with activity, swollen ankles, and pruritus over the last 6 months.Mr. C Health Case Study Essay

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Objective Data:

Height: 68 inches; weight 134.5 kg

BP: 172/98, HR 88, RR 26

3+ pitting edema bilateral feet and ankles

Fasting blood glucose: 146 mg/dL

Total cholesterol: 250 mg/dL

Triglycerides: 312 mg/dL

HDL: 30 mg/dL

Serum creatinine 1.8 mg/dL

BUN 32 mg/dl

Critical Thinking Essay

In 750-1,000 words, critically evaluate Mr. C.’s potential diagnosis and intervention(s). Include the following:

Describe the clinical manifestations present in Mr. C.

Describe the potential health risks for obesity that are of concern for Mr. C. Discuss whether bariatric surgery is an appropriate intervention.

Assess each of Mr. C.’s functional health patterns using the information given. Discuss at least five actual or potential problems can you identify from the functional health patterns and provide the rationale for each. (Functional health patterns include health-perception, health-management, nutritional, metabolic, elimination, activity-exercise, sleep-rest, cognitive-perceptual, self-perception/self-concept, role-relationship, sexuality/reproductive, coping-stress tolerance.)

Explain the staging of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and contributing factors to consider.

Consider ESRD prevention and health promotion opportunities. Describe what type of patient education should be provided to Mr. C. for prevention of future events, health restoration, and avoidance of deterioration of renal status.

Explain the type of resources available for ESRD patients for nonacute care and the type of multidisciplinary approach that would be beneficial for these patients. Consider aspects such as devices, transportation, living conditions, return-to-employment issues.

You are required to cite to a minimum of two sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.Mr. C Health Case Study Essay

In the provided case study, Mr C is a 32-year-old single male suffering from obesity. While he acknowledges that he has been heavy since he was a child, Mr C admits that he has gained approximately 100 pounds in the past two to three years. His job at a telephone catalogue center could be contributing to his obesity. Mr C has sleep apnea and hypertension, which he controls by limiting his sodium intake. Currently, Mr C is exploring the possibility of bariatric surgery to maintain his weight. In the essay below, clinical manifestations of Mr C are presented. Functional health patterns, the potential for end-stage renal disease, and health promotion strategies for the client.

Clinical Manifestations Present in Mr C

At the outpatient centre, Mr C reports that he has gained approximately 100 pounds in the past two to three years. He has also been experiencing sleep apnea, a potentially severe sleep disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts,  and high blood pressure, which he controls by limiting his sodium intake. Mr C’s blood pressure and fasting glucose levels are incredibly high, 172/98 and 146 mg/ dL respectively, indicating that the client has impaired fasting glucose. According to research, this is a type of prediabetes which increases the likelihood of contracting type 2 diabetes. Further, Mr C’s level of total cholesterol in the body is higher than required, placing him at a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. A comprehensive metabolic panel also reveals that the client has high levels of serum creatinine at 1.8 mg/dL and BUN at 32 mg/dl, features indicative of impaired kidney functioning.

Potential Health Risks for Obesity of Concern for Mr C

Based on the clinical signs presented by Mr C, there are various potential health risks attributed by overweight and obesity. Among them are cardiovascular illnesses, type 2 diabetes, gall bladder disease, high LDL cholesterol, elevated blood sugar levels, and fatty liver disease (Djalalinia et al., 2015). However, these health risks differ depending on the individual.Mr. C Health Case Study Essay

Bariatric surgery is an appropriate intervention for Mr C. It encompasses gastric bypass and other forms of weight loss surgeries that modify the digestive system as an attempt to lose weight when diet and exercise have proved unsuccessful, or when a person has underlying medical conditions attributed to obesity (Wolfe et al., 2016). Mr C meets all the conditions for bariatric surgery; his BMI is above 40, has hypertension, a diabetes-related disease,  and weighs less than 450 pounds.

Assessment of Mr C’s Functional Health Patterns

Health perception- Mr C states that he has been heavy since a child. He, however, has gained about 100 pounds in the past years. He is aware of his obesity and is currently seeking information on bariatric surgery for his weight loss.

Health management- the client attempts to control his hypertension by restricting sodium intake.

Nutrition- Mr C’s diet is characterized by low sodium intake. Given the high levels of cholesterol, it is likely that the client consumes high saturated fats.

Metabolic- based on his hospital assessments, no metabolic diseases were identified.Mr. C Health Case Study Essay

Elimination- no information is provided concerning Mr C’s elimination status. However, the findings reveal a possibility of kidney impairment.

Activity/Exercise- Mr C spends most time sitting as he works as a telephone catalogue center.

Sleep/Rest- the client suffers from sleep apnea.

Cognitive/Perceptual- no cognitive issues are identified.

Self-perception- Mr C is aware of his current health condition and is seeking treatment.

Role relationship- information is not provided in the case study.

Sexuality/Reproductive- Mr C does not identify his sexual patterns.

Stress/coping – it is not revealed how the client copes with stressful conditions.

Actual or potential health problems from Mr C’s functional health patterns are hypertension, sleep apnea, obesity, end-stage renal disease, and cardiovascular illnesses.

Staging of End-Stage Renal Disease

End-stage renal/kidney disease occurs when the steady loss of kidney functioning reach an advanced stage. Here, the kidneys no longer work to meet the body’s demands. Contributing factors to consider are chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis, and obesity. Staging of the disease considers the severity of albuminuria and the glomerular filtration rates (GFR) levels (McManus & Wynter-Minott, 2017).

Stage 1: kidneys damaged with normal GFR (more than 90ml/min)

Stage 2: mild reduction in the GFR levels (60-89 ml/min)

Stage 3: moderate reduction in the GFR levels (59-30 ml/min)

Stage 4: severe reduction in GFR levels (15-29 ml/min)

Stage 5: renal failure (GFR lower than 15 ml/min)

ESRD Prevention and Health Promotion

Prevention of end-stage renal disease requires patients to regulate their weight, engage in physical exercises, consume healthy diets, and control their blood pressure. Cholesterol levels should also be regularly monitored. Health promotion for end-stage renal disease encompasses patient education. Mr C should be encouraged to modify his lifestyle by incorporating physical exercise and healthy diets to prevent further deterioration of his health status.

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Resources Available for ESRD Patients

Various resources are required for patients with end-stage renal disease. For instance, rehabilitation services improve their social functioning and quality of life. Transport services should also be provided to ESRD patients to allow them to attend medical appointments without financial constraints. Additional resources are job-protected leaves for working patients and social security benefits. Mr. C Health Case Study Essay

Conclusion

In summary, after careful evaluation of Mr C’s case study, it is conclusive that bariatric surgery is the most suitable intervention to control his weight. His obesity is linked to several potential health conditions, among them diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular illnesses, and renal diseases. Assessment of Mr C’s functional health patterns revealed health problems such as sleep apnea, high blood pressure, metabolic disorders, and potential for ESRD. Prevention of ESRD and health promotion encompasses engaging in physical exercises, consumption of healthy diets, and blood sugar control.

References

Djalalinia, S., Qorbani, M., Peykari, N., & Kelishadi, R. (2015). Health impacts of obesity. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 31(1), 239.

McManus, M., & Wynter-Minott, S. (2017). Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Defining, Staging, and Managing in Primary Care. The Journal For Nurse Practitioners, 13(6), 400-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2017.04.017

Wolfe, B., Kvach, E., & Eckel, R. (2016). Treatment of Obesity. Circulation Research, 118(11), 1844-1855. https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.116.307591

Mr. C Health Case Study Essay