Urinary Incontinence Discussion Essays

A nurse practitioner (NP) is talking with a 70-year-old patient who asks if she could discuss a problem that she is embarrassed to talk about with her physician. She states she has been having increasing problems with incontinence. Every time she coughs or sneezes, she notices a loss of urine. She has not had any fever or chills or pain with urination. She asks the NP if this is just a sign of getting older? Urinary Incontinence Discussion Essays

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1. Discuss the etiology associated with incontinence in the aging adult.

Post your initial response by Wednesday at midnight. Respond to one student by Sunday at midnight. Both responses must be a minimum of 150 words, scholarly written, APA formatted, and referenced. A minimum of 2 references are required (other than your text). Refer to grading rubric for online discussion.

• • Loss of bladder control is a common and embarrassing problem. Many patients may be reluctant to discuss this issue with their health care provider, but persistent symptoms should not be left untreated. Incontinence is an important geriatric syndrome that is underreported and undertreated. Without treatment, urinary incontinence can lead to significant complications.  Fear of embarrassment can lead the older adult to avoid social situations and is associated with low self-esteem, isolation, and a reduction in physical activity (Spencer et al, 2017).In this case there appears to be no underlying disease or symptoms of infection. This patient has symptoms that are characteristic of over active bladder is a condition that affects one in every three elderly adults and totals $12 billions annually in health care cost (Willia-Gray et al, 2016). This patient should be evaluated for bladder prolapse and additional risk factors including vaginal birth, complications or previous surgery. She is at increased risk due to deceased estrogen after menopause and her age.Spencer, M., McManus, K., RN, Sabourin, J. (2017), Incontinence in older adults: The role of the geriatric multidisciplinary team. BCMJ, 59(2) 99-105.https://doi-org.wilkes.idm.oclc.org/10.1002/ca.23296           urology, 8, 113–122. https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S93636 less2 UnreadUnread10 ViewsViews
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  • Willis-Gray, M. G., Dieter, A. A., & Geller, E. J. (2016). Evaluation and management of overactive bladder: strategies for optimizing care. Research and reports in
  • Weledji, E.P., Eyongeta, D. and Ngounou, E. (2019), The anatomy of urination: What every physician should know. Clin. Anat., 32: 60-67.
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  • Voiding problems are the most common urological presenting symptoms in general medical practice (Weledji et al, 2019). Many patients and health care practitioners wrongly consider incontinence a normal part of aging. The etiology of incontinence is either a problem with the storage or urine or the ability to control the passing of urine. Abnormal storage of urine can present bladder issues from stress, overactive, small size or sphincter injury. Nervous system control is a complex process between the bladder, urethra a detrusor muscle (Weledji et al, 2019).
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  • Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as the loss of bladder control. The five types of incontinence are functional incontinence, mixed incontinence, overflow incontinence, stress incontinence, and urge incontinence. Incontinence is a symptom of obstructions to the lower urinary tract (LUT). Huether (2020) described obstructions of the LUT include alterations to neurological function (neurogenic bladder) and disorders stemming from structural or anatomical changes of the LUT. Davis et al. (2020) documented; urinary incontinence is common amongst older adults with a high prevalence rate seen in women. “Age-related changes to the genitourinary system can lead to a higher prevalence of UI among older adults” (Davis et al., 2020, p. 57). Age-related changes are listed as decreased bladder capacity, increased involuntary bladder muscle contractions, prostate enlargement, decreased estrogen levels, increased nighttime urine production, and alterations in immune function (Wagg A, et al., 2017, as cited by Davis et al., 2020, p. 57).Stress and urge incontinence most commonly affect women. The symptoms of incontinence reported by this 70 year old woman appear to be stress incontinence. Mayo Clinic (2020) defined stress incontinence as the leakage of urine, when pressure is exerted on the bladder by coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising, or heavy lifting. “Stress incontinence occurs when the muscles and other tissues that support the urethra and the muscles that control the release of urine weaken” (Mayo Clinic, 2020). It is common for the person experiencing incontinence to feel embarrassed, isolate, or limit certain activities.  Urinary incontinence can lead to physical, psychosocial, and economic burdens. There are many options for treatment including environmental changes, lifestyle modifications, behavioral therapies, pelvic floor exercises, medications, surgery, and treatment of underlying causes. Urinary incontinence treatment depends on the type of incontinence, severity, and causative factors.Davis, N. J., Wyman, J. F., Gubitosa, S. & Pretty, L. (2020). Urinary incontinence in older adults. The American Journal of Nursing, 120(1), 57-62 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000652124.58511.24Huether, S. E., McCance, K. L., & Brashers, V. L. (2020). Understanding pathophysiology / Sue E. Huether, Kathryn L. McCance ; section editor, Valentina L. Brashers (7th ed.). Elsevier. Urinary Incontinence Discussion Essays