Diabetic Ketoacidosis Pathophysiology Essay

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Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative impairment in insulin secretion. The article discusses diabetes type 2 in children, clinical presentation, diagnosis, screening, and management. The presentation of T2DM in children and adolescents includes symptoms of hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, or hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. Children may present as symptomatic or asymptomatic. Some patients are tested because of risk factors or from glycosuria from urinalysis and may be asymptomatic.

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Symptomatic symptoms are due to hyperglycemia and commonly include polyuria, polydipsia, and nocturia, like those in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Symptomatic patients also may have experienced weight loss, although this is not a common presenting complaint. Initial presentation may include diabetic ketoacidosis. 32% of adolescents have hypertension at the time of diagnosis (Hanna & Michael, 2018). Lifestyle interventions such as nutritional counseling, exercise counseling, and family involvement are recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes. Studies suggest that lifestyle interventions can prevent prediabetes and can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes. Metformin with diet and exercise is the first-line treatment in children 10 years and older. Metformin and insulin are the only medications approved for type 2 diabetes in children. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate therapy are important because the risk of related complications is related to the duration of the disease (Hanna & Michael, 2018). Diabetic Ketoacidosis Pathophysiology Essay