Pathophysiology Of DVT Diagnosis Essay Paper

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Pathophysiology Of DVT Diagnosis Essay Paper

Use the attached template and complete using the diagnosis of DVT.

Rubric is as follows:
1. A thoroughly completed MindMap Template with a selected topic was submitted. The response accurately and thoroughly describes in detail the pathophysiology of the primary diagnosis in the student’s own words. The response accurately and thoroughly explains in detail the patient’s risk factors for this diagnosis.
2. The response accurately and thoroughly describes in detail the patient’s signs and symptoms for this diagnosis. The response accurately and thoroughly describes in detail how this diagnosis might impact other body systems and their possible complications.
3. The response accurately and completely describes in detail the potential diagnoses that present in a similar way to the diagnosis provided.
4. he response accurately and thoroughly describes in detail the diagnostic tests and labs they would order to rule out the differentials for this patient, and in confirming the primary diagnosis.
5. The response accurately and thoroughly describes in detail the treatment options they would consider. The response accurately and thoroughly describes potential referrals and medications. Pathophysiology Of DVT Diagnosis Essay Paper

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Concept Map Template

Primary Diagnosis:  ­­­­­­­­Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

  1. DVT pathophysiology and risk factors
Pathophysiology of DVT Diagnosis
The formation of a blood clot in the vein on the lower leg characterizes DVT. The clot forms due to vascular injury and venous stasis (Maia et al., 2019). The blood flows in the damaged venous system at a pathologically high pressure due to DVT. As a result, a swelling develops around the ankle area, causing chronic pain (Maia et al., 2019). Varicosities also develop around the affected region, making the skin tender, changing color, and warm to the touch (Maia et al., 2019)Pathophysiology Of DVT Diagnosis Essay Paper.
Causes Risk Factors
The formation of clots causes DVT due to the slow blood flow in deep veins (Maia et al., 2019). Genetic Factors

·         Genetic deficiencies include inadequate antithrombin, protein S, and protein C (Maia et al., 2019).

·         Having a genetic blood clotting disorder.

Ethnic Factors:

 

·         Being Black increases the risk of DVT.

 

Physical Factors

·         Reduced blood flow due to limited movement

·         High blood viscosity

·         Raised venous pressure, and

·         Sustaining mechanical injuries along the vein

 

 

  1. 2. DVT signs and symptoms, effect on other body systems, and potential complications
Signs and Symptoms The effect of DVT on the body system and potential complications
·         Swelling on the lower leg,

·         Throbbing pain in the thigh or the calf,

·         The skin on the affected area is warm to the touch,

·         Tenderness in the affected area, and

·         Redness in the affected area (Maia et al., 2019).

 DVT affects the circulatory system: The blood clot causes venous insufficiency due to obstruction in returning blood to the cardiac muscle.

 

DVT also affects the respiratory system: DVT causes pulmonary embolism when the blood clot travels from the leg vein to the lungs via the blood vessels. This clot is likely to block the flow of blood in the main artery that takes blood to the lungs, resulting in insufficient oxygen and blood in the lung tissue (Cao et al., 2021)Pathophysiology Of DVT Diagnosis Essay Paper.

 

Additionally, DVT causes leg ulcers. This complication results from the damaged veins’ lining following the occurrence of the DVT (Raffetto et al., 2020).

 

DVT also causes post-thrombotic syndrome. This condition might affect individuals diagnosed with a DVT affecting the leg. This condition causes chronic inflammation and pain in the affected leg. These symptoms develop weeks or months after a DVT.

 

  1. Differential Diagnoses for DVT
Chronic venous insufficiency: Individuals with this condition present clinical manifestations similar to those of DVT, including swelling in the ankles and legs, pain in the legs, change in skin color, and leg ulcers that are difficult to treat (Bellmunt-Montoya et al., 2021). However, some clinical features, such as tightness or itchiness in the calves, are unique in Chronic venous insufficiency, making it different from DVT.

Cellulitis: This condition is characterized by a swollen, red, erythematous, and painful skin area that is tender and warm to the touch. These symptoms are also reported in DVT. However, the affected skin in cellulitis might appear pitted, or blisters might be noted upon examination. Conversely, the affected skin in DVT is smooth. Moreover, cellulitis patients report other less common symptoms in DVT, including chills, nausea, trouble thinking, drowsiness, and fever (Brindle et al., 2019)Pathophysiology Of DVT Diagnosis Essay Paper.

 

  1. Recommended lab diagnostic tests
The following lab and diagnostic tests should be ordered to confirm DVT by ruling out potential differentials.

 

·         D-dimer test: This blood test can conducted to detect the presence of blood clots. DVT is ruled out if the results are negative.

·         An ultrasound: This diagnostic is used to assess the presence of a blockage and if the blood flow in the veins is normal. The presence of a clot blocking the vein confirms DVT diagnosis.

·         An X-ray: These X-rays target the leg veins. A blockage along the veins confirms DVT (Maia et al., 2019)Pathophysiology Of DVT Diagnosis Essay Paper.

 

 

  1. Recommended treatment options and possible referrals
·         The primary treatment therapy is an anticoagulant medicine in the form of a tablet, which should be taken for at least six weeks (Maia et al., 2019).

·         Other treatment interventions: Breaking up the clot and sucking it out via a small tube inserted in the vein.

·         The patient is referred to specialists, such as dieticians, to prevent the formation of other blood clots by maintaining a healthy weight through an appropriate diet.

 

References

Bellmunt-Montoya, S., Escribano, J. M., Bustillos, P. E. P., Tello-Díaz, C., & Martinez-Zapata, M. J. (2021). CHIVA method for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (9), 3.

Brindle, R., Williams, O. M., Barton, E., & Featherstone, P. (2019). Assessment of antibiotic treatment of cellulitis and erysipelas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatology, 155(9), 1033-1040.

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Cao, Y., Geng, C., Li, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2021). In situ pulmonary artery thrombosis: a previously overlooked disease. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 671589.

Maia, R., Neves, I., Morais, A., & Queiroga, H. (2019). Venous and lung thromboembolism in the context of lung cancer: clinical manifestations, risk factors and prognosis. Acta medica portuguesa, 32(10), 647-653.

Raffetto, J. D., Ligi, D., Maniscalco, R., Khalil, R. A., & Mannello, F. (2020). Why venous leg ulcers have difficulty healing: overview on pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and treatment. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(1), 29. Pathophysiology Of DVT Diagnosis Essay Paper