Philosophies and Theories For Advanced Nursing Practice Essay Discussion

Due Date

Theory/Theorist Description: Jean Watson

Dr. Jean Watson developed the Theory of Human Caring in which she contends that caring regenerates life energies and potentiates capabilities through intentionality and authentic presence that optimize the ability to heal from within. In this case, caring is perceived as a mutually beneficial experience for both the person providing care and person delivering care. For that matter, caring embraces the positive energies generated from an integrated mind, body and spirit, thereby promoting self-actualization on both the professional and personal levels (Gunawan et al., 2022). Philosophies and Theories For Advanced Nursing Practice Essay Discussion

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Born in 1940, Dr. Watson graduated from nursing school in 1961. In 1964, she earned a bachelor’s degree in nursing, then earned a master of science in psychiatric and mental health in 1966 and PhD in educational psychology and counseling in 1973. She developed the theory of human caring between 1975 and 1979, and derived it from personal experiences, studies, views and involvement in nursing academics. She experienced life altering event in 1997 (lost her left eye in an accidental injury) and 1998 (husband passed away), and the experience of recovering from these personal tragedies helped her affirm the ideas presented in the theory (Watson, 2021).

Dr. Watson’s theory of human caring presents the science of caring that is built upon ten carative factors (embrace, inspire, trust, nurture, forgive, deepen, balance, co-create, minister and open). The theory development applies retroductive reasoning that includes elements of deductive and inductive reasoning in exploring the causal factors that work in producing the observed patters and changes in patterns associated with caring as applied in nursing care (Watson, 2021). Philosophies and Theories For Advanced Nursing Practice Essay Discussion

The core concept of the theory of human caring is that humans are not objects as they cannot be separated from self, other and nature. It places emphasis on the interpersonal process between the nurse (care giver) and patient (care recipient). The theory identifies four main concepts. First, society as providing value to determine how an individual should behave and the goals to strive for with caring identified as a culture and unique way of coping with the environment. Second, human being as a valued, fully functional integrated person who received care and is assisted, understood, nurtured and respected. Third, health as the harmony and unity within the mind, body and soul in terms of applying adaptive maintenance presented as absence of illness, effort to eliminate illness and daily functioning to achieve congruence between social, mental and physical functioning. Fourth, nursing as a human science concerned with mediating human health-illness experience (Alligood, 2022).

Dr. Watson consistently uses these four concepts within the theory, noting that the centrality of human caring is on the transpersonal relationship and its potential to health the care giver and care recipient. The actual caring activity involves choices and actions by the care giver and care recipient as they come together on caring occasions to decide how to be and what to do in a relationship. The caring relationship is intersubjective human-to-human in which the care giver and care recipient affect and are affected with both being present in the caring moment feeling a union with each other, and sharing in an experience that becomes part of their life stories (Yoost & Crawford, 2020). Philosophies and Theories For Advanced Nursing Practice Essay Discussion

The theory presents ten carative factors that assist nurses in caring for their patients. It focuses on developing transpersonal relationships that improve that capacity for a human being to deliver, experience and receive expression of feelings. This implies that the more individual feelings a nurse transmits, the more strongly the care process affects the recipient/patient. The caring process presents the opportunity for the nurse and patient to learn from each other on how to be human, care for each other, and engage in a caring transaction process of being and becoming. It extends beyond a scripted therapeutic response in identifying nursing care as a moral duty thereby presenting nursing as a science and art (Butts & Rich, 2021).

References

Alligood, M. R. (2022). Nursing Theorists and their Work (10^th ed.). Elsevier, Inc.

Butts, J., & Rich, K. (Eds.) (2021). Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice (4^th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.

Gunawan, J., Aungsuroch, Y., Watson, J., & Marzilli, C. (2022). Nursing Administration: Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. Nursing science quarterly, 35(2), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/08943184211070582

Watson, J. (2021). Caring Science as Sacred Science. Lotus Library.

Yoost, B, L., & Crawford, L. R. (2020). Fundamentals of Nursing: Active Learning for Collaborative Practice (2^nd ed.). Elsevier Inc.

Involves Nursing grand theory/theorist description and Advanced practice concept appraisal and analysis. Students will interact with different theory categories and concepts analysis process and appreciate theory classifications. Philosophies and Theories For Advanced Nursing Practice Essay Discussion

Follow direction to engage in theory description and evaluation process of major nursing grand theories and theorists.

Guidelines
Theory Description Guideline/Direction:

Using information from the reading and relevant literature search develop nursing theory/theorist description of one grand nursing theory/theorist introduced in this module:
**USE JEAN WATSON**

For your theorist’s assignment, describe the theorists background in detail and discuss how their experiences have impacted the theory development.
1) Examine crucial references for the original and/or current work of the theorist and other authors writing about the selected theory and cite them.
2) Identify the phenomenon of concern or problems addressed by the theory.
Theory Description:
1) Explain whether the theory uses deductive, inductive or retroductive reasoning. Provide evidence to support your conclusion.
2) Describe the major concepts of the theory. How are they defined (theoretically and/or operationally) Is the author consistent in the use of the concepts and other terms in the theory Philosophies and Theories For Advanced Nursing Practice Essay Discussion
3) Interpret how the concepts are defined. Implicitly or explicitly
4) Examine the relationships (propositions) among the major concepts.
Evaluation:
1) Identify explicit and implicit assumptions (values/beliefs) underlying the theory. On what assumptions does the theory build
2) Examine if the theory has a description of the four concepts of the nursing metaparadigm. If so, how are they explained in the theory If the metapardigm is not explained, what elements do you see as relevant to the theory and why
3) Discuss the clarity of the theory. Did it have lucidness and consistency

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Grading Rubric
Grading Rubric
Criteria Ratings Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeDescription of criterion
20 to >15.0 pts
Excellent
Shows adequate evidence of deep thought, insight, and application of information to explain or solve problems, and evidence of data analysis consistently
15 to >10.0 pts
Average
Shows evidence of deep thought, insight, application of information to explain or solve problems, and evidence of data analysis most of the time
10 to >5.0 pts Philosophies and Theories For Advanced Nursing Practice Essay Discussion
Fair
Shows limited evidence of deep thought, insight, application of information to explain or solve problems, and evidence of data analysis most of the time
5 to >0 pts
Poor
Shows inadequate evidence of deep thought, insight, application of information to explain or solve problems, and evidence of data analysis most of the time
20 pts
Total Points: 20 Philosophies and Theories For Advanced Nursing Practice Essay Discussion