The Nursing Research Proposal Project Assignment

The most prevalent condition of all non-communicable diseases is hypertension which is also a. common factor in cardiovascular disease (Franklin et al., 2020). As a result, poorly regulated blood pressure is a significant global public health concern, particularly for older adults, since it also causes economic constraints to the healthcare organization and patients during its management. The research questions to inform the research will include; The Nursing Research Proposal Project Assignment

• What level of knowledge does the hypertensive patient have concerning lifestyle modification intervention?
• What risks are associated with hypertensive patients?
• What are the existing ways to prevent or control hypertension?
  

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Consequently, the researcher wants to determine if a training program for outpatients with hypertension will increase their lifestyle modification practice and knowledge. In that regard, the null and research hypothesis will consecutively be;

• H0 = The training program will not affect the outpatient hypertensive patient’s lifestyle modification practice and knowledge.
• H1 = The training program positively affects the Outpatient hypertensive patients’ lifestyle modification knowledge and practice.

In that regard, the paper will evaluate the project’s significance to nursing, literature review, research design, and methodology The Nursing Research Proposal Project Assignment.

All countries globally, including the United States, are experiencing an increase in individuals with hypertension, with the most concern being uncontrolled hypertension. For instance, in the United States, approximately 116 million adults, or 47 percent of adults, have hypertension (CDC, 2020). There is low knowledge about lifestyle modification and inadequate lifestyle modification practice. That is why most hypertensive individuals rely more on pharmacological interventions, leading to adverse effects in some patients, like renal failure (CDC, 2020). Hence, the research will evaluate how effective a training program for hypertensive patients may be in increasing the patient’s knowledge and practice of lifestyle modification interventions. The study will evaluate the relationship between patient education and knowledge in managing hypertension. In that case, the theoretical framework that the research will use is the precede-proceed theory. According to Kim et al. (2022), the precede-proceed theory is a comprehensive structure that helps assess the health needs necessary to design, implement and evaluate public health promotion programs to assess if they meet the target population’s needs.

Blood pressure is the force exerted on blood vessel walls by the flowing blood (Hewes et al., 2020). In adults, the main guideline utilized to detect, evaluate, detect, and manage hypertension describes the characteristics of 140mmHg systolic and 90mmHg diastolic blood pressure on both days (World Health Organization, 2021). Globally, the estimated number of individuals with hypertension is 1.28 billion as of 2021, with an age range of 30-79 years, and more are from middle and low-income countries. From that number, 46 percent of individuals with hypertension do not acknowledge their risk, while l42 percent have early diagnosis and treatment to manage the condition (World Health Organization, 2021). Considering that hypertension has been one of the causes of global premature deaths, global efforts are to ensure the reduction of hypertension prevalence by 33 percent by 2030. In the United States, over 670,000 deaths in 2020 resulted from hypertension or its contributing cause (CDC, 2020)The Nursing Research Proposal Project Assignment.

Hypertension classification is under primary and secondary classification and depends on the cause. According to Ombada and Ombada (2020), primary and idiopathic hypertension influences approximately 90 percent of hypertensive cases, primarily for adults aged 40 and above. However, the causes of secondary hypertension are mainly attributed to other medical conditions that affect the kidneys, like polycystic kidney disease and medical conditions that affect the endocrine system, heart, or arteries (Ombada & Ombada, 2020)The Nursing Research Proposal Project Assignment. As a result, the main modifiable risks associated with hypertension include unhealthy diets like low vegetable and fruit intake, excessive salt consumption, and high intake of trans fats and saturated fat. The main effects of unhealthy diets are that they affect the artery walls after cholesterol deposition, narrowing these arteries and leading to increased pressure needed to push the blood flow (Franklin et al., 2020). However, risks associated with a genetic predisposition may be unmodifiable, including those associated with comorbidities like kidney disease or diabetes, thus needing proper management. In such cases, hypertensive patients must engage in regular physical activities to help regulate their blood pressure to safer levels.

The research will adopt quantitative research to assess whether a training program for hypertensive patients within an outpatient setting can increase these patients’ knowledge and lifestyle modification. In that regard, the population to be involved in the study are 30 adults participants aged 25- 70 years that have hypertension and will be divided into five groups  (25- 34, 35-43, 44-53, 54-63, 64-70) with each group comprising of six participants. Due to gender balance, out of the 30 participants, there will be 16 male and 14 female participants. The research will involve a stratified random sampling approach since the five groups’ participants have different characteristics and thus need different patient education approaches. Despite the sample involving only 30 participants to represent all individuals with hypertension in the United States, it covers all participants of different age groups, gender, and various cognition levels. Therefore, the researcher must ensure that data collection for all five groups is taken simultaneously and with similar requirements, particularly the questionnaires, and questions, to maintain consistency and reliability The Nursing Research Proposal Project Assignment.

In quantitative research, data is gathered and transformed into numerical form so that statistical computations can be performed and conclusions are drawn. The best way to conduct the quantitative research will be by using an online open-ended questionnaire. The questionnaire helps the research have a better framework compared to other research techniques like the interview, which can help maximize the effectiveness of the answers that the research seeks. After deciding on the research participants, the next process will be participant screening. That is because surveying to filter out participants will ensure that the project’s findings are accurate and credible. The approach will also help save time and money by reducing the time spent sorting through responses. After that, the participants must fill in the informed consent form since it will prevent the researcher from ethical and legal implications that may arise during research.

Integrating a data analysis plan in nursing research is essential since it provides a clear roadmap concerning how the researcher needs to organize and analyze the data obtained from their research. The research will involve two variables, knowledge, and practice. For knowledge, the researcher will assess participants’ skills, information, and facts to manage their hypertensive states during pre and post-intervention. On the other hand, for practice, the researchers will evaluate the pre and post-practice of the study participants in lifestyle modification to identify any improvement. The obtained data will be coded and analyzed using version 21 of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) statistical software. Also, the research questions and variables will be analyzed using the t-test and descriptive statistics. The main reason for integrating SPSS Version 21 is to enhance the researcher’s ability to make informed decisions when simulation modeling (Grove & Cipher, 2019)The Nursing Research Proposal Project Assignment. Also, through the t-test, the researcher will express the continuous variables through the mean ± standard deviation that will then be compared with pre-post and between-groups tests. The researcher believes that after the training program is implemented, it will increase participants’ knowledge and practice of lifestyle modification compared to their practice and knowledge before the intervention.

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The project will be essential since they help researchers acknowledge some causes and ways to prevent and manage hypertension. The literature identifies various gaps, including diagnosis, where many people are unaware of their hypertensive situation. For instance, according to the World Health Organization (2021), approximately 46 percent of adults globally are unaware of their hypertension condition, thus risking them to developing adverse side effects like kidney illness. Also, the CDC (2020) projects that in America, one in every three adult Americans is unaware of their hypertension condition. The other gap identified concerns follow-up, where individuals aware of hypertensive condition rarely engage in a follow-up consultation. For instance, Londoño – Agudelo et al. (2021) study identified that many individuals that did not carry out follow-up treatment were male, with the main contributors to such conditions being uninsured, paid occupation, and those that reported alcohol consumption. Hence, the training program among hypertensive patients within an Outpatient setting to increase their lifestyle modification practice and knowledge is essential to reduce the prevalence of the identified gaps. The Nursing Research Proposal Project Assignment