Analysing a Current Health Care Problem Assignment

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Write a 4-6 page analysis of a current problem or issue in health care, including a proposed solution and possible ethical implications.

Introduction

In your health care career, you will be confronted with many problems that demand a solution. By using research skills, you can learn what others are doing and saying about similar problems. Then, you can analyze the problem and the people and systems it affects. You can also examine potential solutions and their ramifications. This assessment allows you to practice this approach with a real-world problem. Analysing a Current Health Care Problem Assignment

Instructions

Note: The requirements outlined below correspond to the grading criteria in the scoring guide. At a minimum, be sure to address each point. In addition, you are encouraged to review the performance-level descriptions for each criterion to see how your work will be assessed.

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Describe the health care problem or issue you selected for use in Assessment 2 (from the Assessment Topic Areas media piece) and provide details about it.

Explore your chosen topic. For this, you should use the first four steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach to aid your critical thinking. This approach was introduced in Assessment 2.

Identify possible causes for the problem or issue.

Use scholarly information to describe and explain the health care problem or issue and identify possible causes for it.

Identify at least three scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles about the topic.

You may find the How Do I Find Peer-Reviewed Articles? library guide helpful in locating appropriate references.

You may use articles you found while working on Assessment 2 or you may search the Capella library for other articles.

You may find the applicable Undergraduate Library Research Guide helpful in your search.

Review the Think Critically About Source Quality to help you complete the following:

Assess the credibility of the information sources.

Assess the relevance of the information sources.

Analyze the health care problem or issue.

Describe the setting or context for the problem or issue.

Describe why the problem or issue is important to you.

Identify groups of people affected by the problem or issue.

Provide examples that support your analysis of the problem or issue.

Discuss potential solutions for the health care problem or issue.

Describe what would be required to implement a solution.

Describe potential consequences of ignoring the problem or issue.

Provide the pros and cons for one of the solutions you are proposing.

Explain the ethical principles (Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy, and Justice) if potential solution was implemented.

Describe what would be necessary to implement the proposed solution.

Explain the ethical principles that need to be considered (Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy, and Justice) if the potential solution was implemented.

Provide examples from the literature to support the points you are making.

Example Assessment: You may use the following to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like:

Assessment 4 Example [PDF].

Additional Requirements

Your assessment should also meet the following requirements:

Length: 4-6 typed, double-spaced pages, not including the title page and reference page.

Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.Analysing a Current Health Care Problem Assignment

APA tutorial: Use the APA Style Paper Tutorial [DOCX] for guidance.

Written communication: Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.

Using outside sources: Integrate information from outside sources into academic writing by appropriately quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing, following APA style.

References: Integrate information from outside sources to include at least three scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles and three in-text citations within the paper.

APA format: Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citations of outside sources in the body of your paper and also on the reference page.

Organize your paper using the following structure and headings:

Title page. A separate page.

Introduction. A brief one-paragraph statement about the purpose of the paper.

Elements of the problem/issue. Identify the elements of the problem or issue or question.

Analysis. Analyze, define, and frame the problem or issue.

Considering options. Consider solutions, responses, or answers.

Solution. Choose a solution, response, or answer.

Ethical implications. Ethical implications of implementing the solution.

Implementation. Implementation of the potential solution.

Conclusion. One paragraph.

Competencies Measured:

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:

Competency 1: Apply information literacy and library research skills to obtain scholarly information in the field of health care.

Use scholarly information to describe and explain a health care problem or issue and identify possible causes for it.

Competency 2: Apply scholarly information through critical thinking to solve problems in the field of health care.

Analyze a health care problem or issue by describing the context, explaining why it is important and identifying populations affected by it.

Discuss potential solutions for a health care problem or issue and describe what would be required to implement a solution.

Competency 3: Apply ethical principles and academic standards to the study of health care.

Explain the ethical principles (Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy, and Justice) if potential solution was implemented

Competency 4: Write for a specific audience, in appropriate tone and style, in accordance with Capella’s writing standards.

Write clearly and logically, with correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.

Write following APA style for in-text citations, quotes, and references.

Scoring Guide

Uses relevant scholarly information to explain a health care problem or issue, including the reasons that the chosen information helps to explain a health care problem or issue.

Analyzes the problem or issue including definition, who is involved, and causes of the problem or issue.

Discusses potential solutions for the problem or issue, including potential consequences for ignoring the issue.

Explains the ethical principles if potential solution was implemented and enriches the analysis with examples from the readings. Analysing a Current Health Care Problem Assignment

Produces text free of grammatical, usage, spelling, and mechanical errors

Integrates into text appropriate use of scholarly sources, evidence, and citation style without errors and uses current reference sources.

Analysis of Current Health Issues

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Introduction

Ventilator-associated Pneumonia is regarded as the most common hospital-acquired Infection that occurs more than 48 hours after mechanical ventilation and is known to result in a high mortality rate among the patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Research by Luyt et al. (2020), states that Ventilator Associated Pneumonia can cause patients to have difficulty weaning off the ventilator, which makes them to stay more prolonged in the hospital resulting in an accumulated financial burden. Its incidence has decreased with the implementation of various evidence-based strategies in healthcare; some of the most implemented systems of care include the administration of antibiotics, oral hygiene, and head elevation. This task aims to analyze the problem I selected and provide a brief description of its solutions and the ethical principles that should be considered when providing care for such individuals.

Body

The incidence of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia is known to increase with the existence of chronic underlying diseases in the body. Some of the predisposing factors to Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia include Chronic renal failure, prior antibiotic therapy, disorders of consciousness, invasive operations, and prolonged length of hospital stay (Wu et al.,2019). Each risk factor has an appropriate prevention strategy that will aid in the reduction of the illness severity, head of the bed elevation to 30-45 degrees will help reduce the occurrence of disorders of consciousness. In contrast, Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation will help decrease the increased mechanical ventilation time of the patient. Mechanical ventilation is usually performed to facilitate effective gaseous exchange without causing lung trauma. High volume and pressure usually exerted during the process may eventually cause barotrauma and volutrauma to the lungs, ultimately resulting in atelectrauma and biotrauma. Pneumonia is the host responsible for bacterial invasion in the lungs, which might later contribute to the reduced immune system.

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia is a critical and essential issue to me since it is through it that many individuals lose their lives while being cared for. It is a nosocomial pneumonia that also increases mortality rates among the critically ill patients. Besides that, the Infection is actually preventable, and it is caused to be caused by both patient and healthcare factors at the facility. Therefore, it is crucial that the healthcare workers are aggressive when caring for patients hospitalized in intensive care units. The increased mortality rates can actually be decreased once the exact prevention strategies are implemented in the workplace.  Analysing a Current Health Care Problem Assignment A study by Fernando et al. (2020) states that individuals with chronic illness, more so the respiratory disease, are at more risk of succumbing to death. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), is a recognized risk factor for Ventilator Associated Pneumonia and usually emerges from patients’ advanced age, high colonization of the lower airways, and inhibition of the mucociliary function due to smoking. Additionally, ventilated patients generally cannot feed independently, meaning most feeds will be via the enteral route. The enteral feeds increase the gastric secretions and the PH, leading to gram-negative bacilli colonization of the stomach, thus increasing the probability of aspiration of the stomach contents, hence Pneumonia.

The prevention strategies for the Infection can be mitigated by implementing both the medical and non-medical interventions. Despite the increased prevalence of the antimicrobial resistance, bacteriostatic drugs, for instance, the aminoglycosides and colistin, should be administered in large amounts to achieve the maximum efficacy. Early antimicrobial therapy reduces the mortality rate among the Ventilator Associated patients as compared to those who do not receive adequate treatment. For those patients who develop VAP due to Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, administration of both Vancomycin and Linezolid has a therapeutic advantage over the other drugs. One of the non-pharmacological prevention interventions is the proper positioning, keeping the head of the bed elevated between 30-45 degrees, and also encouraging the mobility of the mechanically ventilated patients to prevent the occurrence of VAP. Early mobility protocols include a progressive approach that transitions from dangling off the edge of the bed to standing at the bed (Papazian et al.,2020). Subglottic suctioning of secretions when performing an oral care may also be a good cluster care for the patient as it will minimize the risk of aspirating stomach contents to the respiratory system. Last intervention is the performance of adequate oral care for the patient to reduce the overgrowth of bacteria and the Risk of Infection. Analysing a Current Health Care Problem Assignment

For the strategies to be effective, some of the resources that would be required will include the following, human resources, finances, and analytical resources. A well-competent and trained workforce will help in the implementation of various evidence-based strategies that will facilitate the decrease in the severity of the Infection. Finances would aid in purchasing machines, for instance, the Ventilators at the Intensive care unit. Modern Ventilator machines are better positioned to provide sufficient oxygen demands based on the patient’s requirements, thus decreasing the disease exacerbation. One of the most suitable preventive strategies is antimicrobial therapy; other than vancomycin and aminoglycosides, other drugs that can aid in preventing VAP include Ceftazidime, imipenem, and meropenem. Nebulized antibiotics have been proposed to provide a high amount of drug concentration in the lungs, thus reducing the systemic toxicity associated with intravenous antibiotics (Wu et al.,2019). Their efficacy helps minimize the bacterial overgrowth of the microorganisms in the cells resulting in decreased colonization. A disadvantage of antimicrobial therapy is the high risk of causing antimicrobial resistance, which would deter the drugs’ efficacy when administered in the body system.

When the Ventilator Associated Infection is Ignored, there is a high risk that the patient will die or even develop other types of infections. Examples of other conditions that an individual admitted to the ICU can develop include Gastrointestinal infections and even the development of bed sores due to the prolonged immobility. The occurrence of the infections mentioned earlier may contribute to an ethical dilemma that might result in ethical issues in the caregiving process. Occurrence of infections when the patient is receiving care is a breach of the ethical principle of non-maleficence. All healthcare providers should always ensure that they respect the various ethical principles when they are providing care for the patient, regardless of race and ethnicity. Analysing a Current Health Care Problem Assignment

Conclusion

Since the diagnostic method available for Ventilator Associated Pneumonia is not universal, there is a greater need for adopting a proper infection control policy with an appropriate antibiotic regimen that can reduce the mortality among the ventilated patients. The host and intervention factors must be continuously monitored to minimize the VAP rates. The main focus should actually be on decreasing the aspiration of the secretions and an effective antibiotic therapy for all the patients admitted to the Intensive Care Units. Further research needs to be conducted to gain better insight into the global epidemiological characteristics of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. Analysing a Current Health Care Problem Assignment

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References

Fernando, S. M., Tran, A., Cheng, W., Klompas, M., Kyeremanteng, K., Mehta, S., … & Rochwerg, B. (2020). Diagnosis of ventilator-associated Pneumonia in critically ill adult patients—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive care medicine, 46(6), 1170-1179.

Luyt, C. E., Sahnoun, T., Gautier, M., Vidal, P., Burrel, S., Pineton de Chambrun, M., … & Chastre, J. (2020). Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring ECMO: a retrospective cohort study. Annals of Intensive Care, 10(1), 1-10.

Papazian, L., Klompas, M., & Luyt, C. E. (2020). Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in adults: a narrative review. Intensive care medicine, 46(5), 888-906.

Wu, D., Wu, C., Zhang, S., & Zhong, Y. (2019). Risk factors of ventilator-associated Pneumonia in critically III patients. Frontiers in pharmacology, 10, 482 Analysing a Current Health Care Problem Assignment