Journal of Diabetes Research Assignment Paper

Discussion Response

I am impressed by the deep insight into diagnostic differences, management approaches and the complications highlighted. Although clinical distinction of type 1 diabetes from type 2 diabetes is challenging, islet autoantibodies testing is used to make the distinction. According to Pilla et al. (2018), bariatric surgery can lead to complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis; hence correct classification is required to prevent adverse perioperative outcomes. Islet autoantibodies are released in type 1 diabetes hence can be used to distinguish between autoimmune type diabetes from non-autoimmune type (Pilla et al., 2018). In light, autoantibodies can be used to diagnose and predict type 1 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Research Assignment Paper

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Despite the clinical similarities in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, they have varying clinical management approaches. Type 1 diabetes is managed through insulin administration, monitoring the carbohydrate, fats and protein intake levels, regularly testing the glucose level in the bloodstream and maintaining body weight through regular exercise. However, no medication is approved for type 1 diabetes.

On the contrary, metformin is the main anti-diabetic medication in treating type 2 diabetes. Besides, insulin administration, dietary management and regular glucose monitoring are applied in managing type 2 diabetes. Complications include hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases. The accumulation of the sugar plaques on the nerve cells leads to the degenerations of the nerve function in neuropathy while the renal system is damaged, leading to nephropathy.

Papatheodorou et al. (2018) noted two microvascular complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy) and macrovascular complications stroke, cardiovascular, and peripheral artery disease) in patients with diabetes. Further, Papatheodorou et al. (2018) highlighted reduced immunity, birth complications and dental diseases as other complications of diabetes. The complications can also be short-term or long-term based on the duration taken to manifest. Journal of Diabetes Research Assignment Paper

References

Papatheodorou, K., Banach, M., Bekiari, E., Rizzo, M., & Edmonds, M. (2018). Complications of diabetes 2017. Journal of diabetes research, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3086167

Pilla, S. J., Maruthur, N. M., Schweitzer, M. A., Magnuson, T. H., Potter, J. J., Clark, J. M., & Lee, C. J. (2018). The role of laboratory testing in differentiating type 1 diabetes from type 2 diabetes in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Obesity surgery, 28(1), 25-30 Journal of Diabetes Research Assignment Paper