Anti-Diabetic Medication in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Discussion Paper

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Anti-Diabetic Medication in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Discussion Paper

 

Discussion Response

I am impressed by the deep insight into diagnostic differences, management approaches and the complications highlighted. Although clinical distinction of type 1 diabetes from type 2 diabetes is challenging, islet autoantibodies testing is used to make the distinction. According to Pilla et al. (2018), bariatric surgery can lead to complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis; hence correct classification is required to prevent adverse perioperative outcomes. Islet autoantibodies are released in type 1 diabetes hence can be used to distinguish between autoimmune type diabetes from non-autoimmune type (Pilla et al., 2018). In light, autoantibodies can be used to diagnose and predict type 1 diabetes. Anti-Diabetic Medication in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Discussion Paper

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Despite the clinical similarities in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, they have varying clinical management approaches. Type 1 diabetes is managed through insulin administration, monitoring the carbohydrate, fats and protein intake levels, regularly testing the glucose level in the bloodstream and maintaining body weight through regular exercise. However, no medication is approved for type 1 diabetes.

On the contrary, metformin is the main anti-diabetic medication in treating type 2 diabetes. Besides, insulin administration, dietary management and regular glucose monitoring are applied in managing type 2 diabetes. Complications include hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases. The accumulation of the sugar plaques on the nerve cells leads to the degenerations of the nerve function in neuropathy while the renal system is damaged, leading to nephropathy.

Papatheodorou et al. (2018) noted two microvascular complications (neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy) and macrovascular complications stroke, cardiovascular, and peripheral artery disease) in patients with diabetes. Further, Papatheodorou et al. (2018) highlighted reduced immunity, birth complications and dental diseases as other complications of diabetes. The complications can also be short-term or long-term based on the duration taken to manifest. Anti-Diabetic Medication in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Discussion Paper

1 Test used to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes 2 The presence of autoantibodies may be helpful in distinguishing type 1 diabetes from type 2 diabetes. As a result, the testing for islet autoantibodies is the procedure that is most often used in order to distinguish type 1 diabetes from type 2 diabetes. Islet autoantibodies are frequently reported to be present in individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes; however these antibodies are never discovered in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (Winter et al., 2022). Recommendations, treatments, or teaching In individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, rigorous insulin therapy that takes a basal-bolus strategy is generally regarded as the most successful treatment option. 3 Other guidelines for individuals with type 1 diabetes include: taking insulin as directed; keeping track of carbs, fats, and proteins; testing blood glucose levels on a constant basis; eating nutritious meals and beverages; and maintaining a consistent exercise regime and a healthy body weight (Ruissen et al., 2021). Metformin treatment is often recommended as the optimal therapeutic choice for those who suffer from type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, the two most important aspects of diabetes care are maintaining a regular exercise regimen and keeping one’s dietary intake under control (Ruissen et al., 2021). Making adjustments to one’s diet may help alleviate a broad range of the symptoms and consequences that are linked with type 2 diabetes. Among them include the body’s ability to produce insulin and respond to it, the regulation of one’s weight, and an improvement in the ability to keep one’s blood pressure in check. 4 Complications of type 2 diabetes A person’s health might be negatively affected in the short term as well as in the long term by having type 2 diabetes. Hypoglycemia, also known as low blood glucose, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome, also known as excessively high blood glucose, are both examples of possible short-term effects (Papatheodorou et al., 2018). 5 Diabetes may lead to a number of long-term problems, such as macrovascular complications, renal failure, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy. References Papatheodorou, K., Banach, M., Bekiari, E., Rizzo, M., & Edmonds, M. (2018). 6 Complications of diabetes 2017. 7 Journal of Diabetes Research, 2018, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3086167 Ruissen, M. M., Rodriguez-Gutierrez, R., Montori, V. M., & Kunneman, M. (2021). Making diabetes care fit—Are we making progress? Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcdhc.2021.658817 Winter, W. E., Pittman, D. L., & Jialal, I. (2022). Practical clinical applications of islet autoantibody testing in type 1 diabetes. The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine, 7(1), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1093/jalm/jfab113 Anti-Diabetic Medication in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Discussion Paper