Assessing The Role of Drugs in Suicidal Ideation And Suicidality Essay

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Assessing The Role of Drugs in Suicidal Ideation And Suicidality Essay

Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond by suggesting additional factors that might have interfered with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patients diagnosed with GAD. In addition, suggest different treatment options you would suggest to treat a patient with the topic of discussion. NEED 2 REFERENCES Colleagues Response is below.

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Anxiety can be a quality of life-altering condition. If it is moderate to severe it can cause psychological and physiological symptoms. The symptoms range from fears and uneasiness to tachycardia, fatigue, shortness of breath, and palpitations. Severe anxiety may be treated with psychotherapy and with medication (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). Many factors affect the effectiveness of the medication regarding how it moves through the body and the effects the drugs have on the body. These points are described as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics(Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). The most common diagnosis related to anxiety is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, a person with OCD spectrum disorder, social anxiety disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder(Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). Assessing The Role of Drugs in Suicidal Ideation And Suicidality Essay

In my recent experience, I was assisting a 19-year-old boy who was suffering from GAD. He suffered from physiological and psychological symptoms. His provider started him on a low dose of escitalopram, specifically Lexapro. His anxiety dropped significantly. It did cause him to be very tired and even fall asleep in school. He had to be removed from it as he was claiming suicidal ideation. Some research points to an increase in suicidal ideation but not an increase in suicides (Reith & Edmonds, 2007). Other research speaks to depressive disorders demonstrating a complex issue with patients’ already depressed state, lack of medication compliance, and inconsistent medication regimes or counseling follow-ups making it difficult to say if it is directly correlated with the SSRI or the complex situation (Kern et al., 2021). Patients with this diagnosis on any antidepressant warrant close monitoring and benefit from having a partner(Kern et al., 2021).

Lexapro is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI). The effects take time to kick in, the initial effects could be felt in a week, but the full effect takes 4–6 weeks. It is effective as an anxiolytic and antidepressant. There are black box warnings that if antidepressants are taken by young people then they can increase the risk of suicide(Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). There are mixed reviews regarding the suicidal ideation risk associated with SSRI medications (Lagerberg et al., 2021). Assessing The Role of Drugs in Suicidal Ideation And Suicidality Essay

Pharmacokinetics is the movement of the drug through the body. Lexapro is a pill that is taken orally. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted through the kidneys. It is excreted through the urine. While they are in the bloodstream they inhibit serotonin reuptake ultimately leaving a greater supply of serotonin available for the body to use (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017).

Pharmacodynamics is the biochemical and physiological effects. Biochemically speaking, Lexapro works by preventing serotonin from being reabsorbed back up into the nerve terminals. Therefore, there is more serotonin left in the synaptic space intensifying the serotonin effect on mood(Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017).

References

Kern, D., Cepeda, M., & Wiegand, F. (2021). Treatment patterns of patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder and suicidal ideation or attempt: A u.s. population-based study utilizing real-world data. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03616-1Links to an external site.

Lagerberg, T., Fazel, S., Sjölander, A., Hellner, C., Lichtenstein, P., & Chang, Z. (2021). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and suicidal behaviour: A population-based cohort study. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(4), 817–823. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01179-zLinks to an external site.

Reith, D. M., & Edmonds, L. (2007). Assessing the role of drugs in suicidal ideation and suicidality. CNS Drugs, 21(6), 463–472. https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200721060-00003Links to an external site.

Rosenthal, L., & Burchum, J. (2017). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants – e-book (2nd ed.). Saunders. Assessing The Role of Drugs in Suicidal Ideation And Suicidality Essay

Class Resources:

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants(2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
- Chapter 26, “Antipsychotic Agents and Their Use in Schizophrenia” (pp. 203–213)
- Chapter 27, “Antidepressants” (pp. 214–226)
- Chapter 28, “Drugs for Bipolar Disorder” (pp. 228–233)
- Chapter 29, “Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs” (pp. 234–242)
- Chapter 30, “Management of Anxiety Disorders” (pp. 243–247)
- Chapter 31, “Central Nervous System Stimulants and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder” (pp. 248–254)

Discussion Response

In agreement with your statement, the anxiety of GAD can depict diverse symptoms. At the same time, its treatment depends on individuality, the severity of the symptoms, and the best possible care practice, either through psychotherapy or via the use of medications. Regarding medication use, it is worth noting that there are different types or classes of drugs that can be adopted in the treatment of GAD. The various medicines have different pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics impacts on the user’s body. The patient’s age, occupation, and physical health could be critical in considering the type and administration of drugs to address the GAD and anxiety as diagnosed (Bourin, 2018). While medication provided an alternative to address the GAD issue, it was critical to consider the alternative non-pharmacological strategies which would have helped the patient cope with the condition and counter the symptoms. Assessing The Role of Drugs in Suicidal Ideation And Suicidality Essay

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According to Beck & Beck (2018), it is critical to evaluate the four classes of medications used to treat anxiety which include; SSRI, SNRI, tricyclic antidepressants as well as a benzodiazepine. Patients with anxiety disorders need to comprehend the value of adhering to their prescription pharmaceutical regimens (anxiolytics, antidepressants, and sleep aids), participating in any cognitive treatment, and the advantages of quitting coffee and other stimulants. The use of buspirone would be advocated as it does not cause dependency. Its also less sedating compared to benzodiazepines (Kern et al., 2021). It is also critical to include the use of psychotherapy and medications, which have proven to be a practical approach to addressing GAD symptoms and overall outcomes. Finally, anxiety triggers can be avoided by avoiding caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and stress while improving one’s sleep pattern. Assessing The Role of Drugs in Suicidal Ideation And Suicidality Essay

References

Beck, D. A., & Beck, C. L. (2018). Anxiolytics. In Clinical Psychopharmacology for Neurologists (pp. 73-95). Springer, Cham.

Bourin, M. (2018). Clinical pharmacology of anxiolytics. Arch Depress Anxiety, 4(1), 021-0025. DOI: 10.17352/2455-5460.000029