Benchmark: Population Health Research and PICOT Statement

In this course, you will be complete a 2-part assignment in which you conduct research about a population of focus, develop a PICOT statement, and write a Literature Review. The PICOT statement and Literature Review you write in this course can be used for your evidence-based practice project in the next course so be sure to select an issue you want to continue working on in your next course. PICOT (Population/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time to achieve the outcome) is a method that helps clarify the qualities needed to create a good question out of a practice issue or problem affecting the population of focus. Additionally, the information derived from a good PICOT makes it easier to perform a literature search in order to find translational research sources that can be used to address the clinical problem. Use a national, state or local population health care database to research indicators of disparity. Choose a mortality/morbidity indicator to identify a clinical problem or issue that you want to explore pertaining to a population of focus. Use this indicator to begin to formulate a PICOT and conduct research on the population. Benchmark: Population Health Research and PICOT Statement.   Write a paper that analyzes your research and focuses on the population you have chosen. Describe the population\’s demographics and health concerns, and explain how nursing science, health determinants, and epidemiologic, genomic, and genetic data may impact population health management for the selected population. Provide an overview of a potential solution for solving the health issue related to your population and the intended PICOT statement. Describe how the solution incorporates health policies and goals that support health care equity for the population of focus. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. Benchmark Information This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies: MS Nursing: Public Health MS Nursing: Education MS Nursing: Acute Care Nurse Practitioner MS Nursing: Family Nurse Practitioner MS Nursing: Health Care Quality and Patient Safety 4.1: Synthesize nursing science, determinants of health, and epidemiologic, genomic, and genetic data in the management of population health. See the requirements for the Part 1: population Health Research and PICOT Statement Paper. Write a paper that analyzes your research and focuses on the population you have chosen. You paper must have these sections: Section 1: Population Description, Including Demographics and Health Concerns( describe the population of interest) Section 2: explain how nursing science, epidemiologic, how nursing science, health determinants & socioeconomic status, genomic, and genetic data may impact population health management for the selected population. Section 3: Potential solution & PICOT Statement:Provide an overview of a potential solution for solving the health issue related to your population and the intended PICOT statement. Describe how the solution incorporates health policies and goals that support health care equity for the population of focus. Benchmark: Population Health Research and PICOT Statement.

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Benchmark: Population Health Research and PICOT Statement

Health issues facing different ethnic groups in the US vary significantly. This difference is associated with multiple factors, including health disparities, genetics, health coverage, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and the level of awareness. Understanding racial health disparities are key in addressing these health issues. This paper will focus on African Americans and various factors that impact the management of the population’s health. It will also discuss a solution for addressing the identified health concern.

Population Description

The selected population is African Americans who are also known as Black Americans or Afro-Americans. This ethnic group has partial or total ancestry from various African black racial groups. The descendants of most African Americans were enslaved within the US boundaries. African Americans form the second and third largest racial and ethnic group in the US, respectively. African Americans constituted approximately 41.4 million people in the US by 2017 (OMH, 2019). This number represents about 12.7 percent of the total US population (OMH, 2019). About 58% of African Americans were residing in the South by 2017 (OMH, 2019). Around 86.0 percent of Black Americans aged 25 years had acquired at least a high school diploma in 2017. Additionally, 21.4% of African American adults had earned a degree or higher in 2017 (OMH, 2019). The percentage of black women who had earned at least a bachelor’s degree in 2017 was higher (23.8%) than that of African American men (18.5%) (OMH, 2019). The average household income of Black Americans was $40,165 in 2017. The insurance coverage of African Americans was about 55.5% in 2017 (OMH, 2019). In 2015, Census Bureau projections reported that the life expectancies for African Americans are 76.1 years.  Benchmark: Population Health Research and PICOT Statement.The life expectancy for women is relatively higher (78.9 years) than that of men (72.9 years) (OMH, 2019). The health concern is the high prevalence of Type 2 DM among African Americans.

Health Management for African Americans

The management of African Americans’ health is affected by various factors. First, nursing science has an impact on the management of this population’s health. Nursing science involves the development of various practical concepts and theories to form evidence-based practices. Clinicians, in turn, utilize EBPs to provide quality and safe care to African Americans, thus improving patient satisfaction and health outcomes. Secondly, epidemiologic has an impact on health management. In this case, health management for African Americans is affected by three key aspects of a disease, including the incidence, distribution, and control. Health determinants & socioeconomic status is another key factor that influences the management of health for this ethnic population. Five aspects of determinants of health, including genetics, environmental and physical influences, behavior, social factors, and medical care will affect the management of African American’s health. Additionally, the management of this population’s health will be impacted by individuals’ socioeconomic status, including power, education attainment, occupation, and level of income. According to Aloh et al. (2020), individuals with higher socioeconomic status are provided with a high quality of care services than those with low status. Moreover, the health management of African Americans is affected by their genomic and genetic data. Genomic and genetic data of African American’s is used in development research. Nonetheless, African Americans’ genomic and genetic data is limited (less than 3%) (Jackson, 2020). Consequently, this ethnic population is underrepresented in genetic studies, which, in turn, compromises health management for African Americans globally. Benchmark: Population Health Research and PICOT Statement.

Potential Solution & PICOT Statement

The proposed solution involves the implementation of Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring to improve glycemic control among African Americans diagnosed with Type 2 DM. The PICOT question states that “Among African Americans diagnosed with Type 2 DM (P), does Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring (I) compared to Self-Blood Glucose Monitoring (SBGM) (C) result in improved glycemic control (O) within four weeks (T)?” It is anticipated that glycemic control among African Americans diagnosed with Type 2 DM (P) will improve within four weeks following the implementation of Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring.

The use of Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) increased significantly. According to Robertson et al. (2020), Continuous glucose monitoring provides real-time feedback to patients with type 2 diabetes. For instance, it alerts them in case one is becoming hypoglycemic particularly patients who are using insulin to control their blood glucose levels. Consequently, patients seek urgent medical attention if one is at risk of severe hypoglycemia.

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            The implementation of Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring to improve glycemic control among African Americans diagnosed with Type 2 DM incorporates health policies and goals that support health care equity for this ethnic group. Health policies and goals advocate for health care equity for African Americans, which is the least healthy ethnic group in the US (Noonan et al., 2016).Benchmark: Population Health Research and PICOT Statement.  These policies and goals focus on improving the access and quality of care provided to this group, thus reducing their high morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, these policies and goals will be incorporated into the implementation of Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring to improve glycemic control of individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Overall, the prevalence of diabetes type 2 is relatively high among African Americans. The management of African Americans’ health is affected by various factors, including nursing science, epidemiologic, health determinants & socioeconomic status, genomic, and genetic. The implementation of Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring will improve glycemic control among African Americans diagnosed with Type 2 DM. Benchmark: Population Health Research and PICOT Statement.

References

Aloh, H. E., Onwujekwe, O. E., Aloh, O. G., Okoronkwo, I. L., & Nweke, C. J. (2020). Impact of socioeconomic status on patient experience on the quality of care for ambulatory healthcare services in tertiary hospitals in Southeast Nigeria. BMC Health Services Research, 20, 1-9.

Jackson, C. (2020). Africa’s Missing Genomic Data and Its Impact on Health Care. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. https://www.genengnews.com/insights/africas-missing-genomic-data-and-its-impact-on-health-care/

Noonan, A. S., Velasco-Mondragon, H. E., & Wagner, F. A. (2016). Improving the health of African Americans in the USA: an overdue opportunity for social justice. Public health reviews, 37(1), 1-20.

OMH. (2019). Profile: Black/African Americans. US Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health. https://www.minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=3&lvlid=61

Robertson, S. L., Shaughnessy, A. F., & Slawson, D. C. (2020). Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes Is Not Ready for Widespread Adoption. American Family Physician, 101(11), 646-646. Benchmark: Population Health Research and PICOT Statement.