Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay

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Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay

Beyond conventional psychological models, there is a biological foundation for psychotherapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) focuses on modifying negative thinking patterns; Psychodynamic Therapy (PDT) explores the unconscious; and Group Therapy (GIT) encourages patients to assist one another while they work through difficult situations (Javanbakht et al., 2019). Psychotherapy alters the way the brain works and functions in observable ways, according to neuroscientific studies. Changes in brain pathways, as well as synaptic connections, have been associated with therapeutic therapies like CBT (Jeon & Kim, 2014). Physiological changes may be induced by psychotherapy by influencing neurotransmitter levels, especially those linked to mood control. Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay

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The stigma associated with getting help for mental health issues may vary from one culture to another due to culturally specific customs and beliefs. Psychotherapy may be shamed in certain cultures because people see it as a personal weakness or a departure from communal coping methods (Compton et al., 2015). Some people’s spiritual beliefs influence their willingness to engage in therapy, whereas others may choose faith-based psychotherapy that is in line with religious values. Both the availability and the perceived benefit of psychotherapy are heavily influenced by socioeconomic class. Some people may not be able to afford treatment, and people from various socioeconomic backgrounds may have varying access to mental health services (Compton et al., 2015).

There are complex legal and ethical issues beyond client confidentiality that arise when moving from individual to family or group therapy. Finding the right balance between encouraging free discussion and keeping the group environment positive is challenging for the therapist. When it comes to neutrality, family therapy brings up some new ethical considerations. Therapists should avoid showing preference or prejudice toward family members in order to maintain objectivity (Stoll et al., 2020). The difficulty comes from trying to include and value the thoughts and feelings of all family members in the healing process. It is important for therapists to take into account how their techniques will affect the whole family. This calls for a personalized strategy that prioritizes the group’s welfare while honoring each member’s individuality. Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay

When working with clients in group, individual, or family therapy, I always keep the differences in ethical and legal issues in mind. Because each client receives undivided attention in individual therapy, it is possible to address more sensitive issues and create individualized plans of action (Vyskocilova & Prasko, 2013). Primary concerns include establishing a solid therapeutic connection and guaranteeing client autonomy. In group therapy, creating a space where people feel comfortable working together becomes more important. The therapy method makes use of the group’s pooled knowledge and encourages members to assist one another. A distinct set of abilities is required for family therapy. Given the complex dynamics at play inside families, it is essential to remain objective and unbiased. The treatment strategy must find a middle ground between family dynamics and the requirements of the individuals involved (Vyskocilova & Prasko, 2013). Recognizing that therapies affect the family system overall, collaborating on decisions becomes crucial Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay

References

Compton, M. T., & Shim, R. S. (2015). The social determinants of mental health. Focus, 13(4), 419-425. doi/epdf/10.1176/appi.focus.20150017

Javanbakht, A., & Alberini, C. M. (2019). Neurobiological models of psychotherapy. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 13, 144.

Jeon, S. W., & Kim, Y. K. (2014). The Effects of Psychotherapy on Brain Function—Major.

Stoll, J., Müller, J. A., & Trachsel, M. (2020). Ethical issues in online psychotherapy: A narrative review. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 993. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00993

Vyskocilova, J., & Prasko, J. (2013). Ethical reflection and psychotherapy. Neuroendocrinology Letters, 34(7), 590-600.

Respond to at least two of your colleagues by providing an additional scholarly resource that supports or challenges their position, along with a brief explanation of the resource.
Please give a response to both discussion post,# 1 and # 2 with their reference separatelyy and with the pdf of the resourses use for each.

#1
Lucy L.
American Nurse Association (2014) defines psychotherapy as a term that is used to describe the process of treating patients with mental health and psychiatric disorders. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, dialectic behavior therapy, group therapy, psychoanalytic therapy and client-centered therapy are a few types of psychotherapy (American Nurse Association, 2014). Berlin (2018) explains psychotherapy addresses the way the brain develops, matures, and operates and while following principles of evolutionary adaptation psychotherapy aims to heal problematic adaptations of the brain. Berlin is a scholarly resource as he is a MD and the article used is from a database. Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay
American Psychiatric Nurses Association (2021) explains psychotherapy is a core component of the PMHNP role and we should work towards developing expertise as well as proficiency in multiple psychotherapeutic modalities including humanistic, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and interpersonal approaches. The APNA is scholarly resource because they are a non-profit nurses organization that aims to provide continuing education, resources and research projects aimed at providing resources to psychiatric nurses. The value of psychotherapy can vary when we look at religion, culture and socioeconomics. Religious organizations can provide faith based counseling to clients seeking that sort of therapy. A PMHNP can provide faith based counseling as well. Shared beliefs, languages, values, collective knowledge and community culture need to be explored and integrated in to psychotherapy. In my area I will practice on the reservation or with clients that have Arapahoe and Shoshone cultural considerations that need to be integrated into effective psychotherapy. In my first clinical rotation Native American activities and groups were offered to anyone interested or requesting cultural considerations. One cultural consideration I often have to implement is a larger understanding of the word family. Everyone is cousin and aunts and uncles and itâ€™s not acceptable to ask about actual blood relations because we are all family.
Therapeutic approaches for individual, group, and family therapy could vary when you consider confidentiality. Bipeta (2019) that as practitioners we needs to remember the basic ethics of psychiatric care including respect for autonomy, the principle of non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. The questions you ask an individual in private vs what you ask around others can vary. In any psychotherapy setting we must also consider confidentiality (and disclosure), boundary violations, and informed consent (Bipeta, 2019). If a client has told you something in confidentiality and you know other members of the group or family may not know this information you should keep it confidential. Even if you was a provider and the client are working on telling a family member something the client should do this not you during family or group therapy. Bipeta (2019) explains discussing diagnosis with others in family settings can have ethical and legal concerns. Younger age, being female, and high educational status are more often associated with unwillingness to disclose and should be considered by the PMHNP when assessing sociodemographic concerns (Bipeta, 2019).
American Nurse Association (2014). Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice. (2nd Ed.).
American Psychiatric Nurses Association (December 2021). APNA Position: Psychotherapy and the Psychiatric-Mental Health Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Role. Retrieved from https://www.apna.org/news/psychotherapy-and-the-psychiatric-mental-health-advanced-practice-registered-nurse-role/
Berezin, R. (2018, March 16). Psychotherapyis â€˜the Biological Treatment. Medscape Nurses. Retrieved from https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/893720
Bipeta, R. (2019). Legal and Ethical Aspects of Mental Health Care. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 41(2), 108â€“112. Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_59_19
Psychotherapy Is ‘The’ Biological Treatment.pdfDownload Psychotherapy Is ‘The’ Biological Treatment.pdf
Ethical Topics & Types of PMHNP Group Therapies – PSYCH-MENTAL HEALTH HUB.pdfDownload Ethical Topics & Types of PMHNP Group Therapies – PSYCH-MENTAL HEALTH HUB.pdf
APNA Position: Psychotherapy and the Psychiatric-Mental Health Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Ro.pdf

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Mfon Umanah
Wk 1 discussion

Does psychotherapy have a biological basis?
Psychotherapy refers to a method of managing mental health disorders through engaging in a conversation that ends by helping him identify the troubling emotions and thoughts and be able to transition to better behaviors.
It has underlying biological effects on the brain and the body. Some aspects of psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy have proved to alter the neurotransmitters in the patient’s brain. CBT alters levels of dopamine and serotonin leading to mood regulation and controlling emotional responses. Additionally, psychotherapy helps the body deal with stress through the alteration of levels of cortisol and reduces the activity of the amygdala. Some techniques like being mindful and relaxation exercises have proved to have a positive impact on the body’s response to stress (Javanbakht & Alberini, 2019). All these show that psychotherapy really has a biological basis. Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay
How culture, religion, and socioeconomics might influence oneâ€™s perspective on the value of psychotherapy treatments
Some cultures embrace communism and collective thinking and encourage seeking help from members of the family or community rather than professional help. In some cultures, those who have mental health issues get stigmatized and often stressed and fail to seek help through psychotherapy since they think it is shameful or unnecessary, they will find the same people who will stigmatize them instead of helping them (Moleiro, 2018).
Some cultures believe that mental illnesses occur because of spiritual reasons, and they turn to religious leaders for help disregarding psychotherapy as a way to deal with the illness. Some patients also like being attended to by professionals who have the same religious beliefs as them (Plante, 2019).
The socioeconomic status of a person determines whether they will have access to mental health services from a trained professional since they determine the affordability of the therapy sessions. Additionally, people from low socioeconomic backgrounds view psychotherapy as a waste of time and money in that it seems like a luxury to them, and they become reluctant to seek the treatments (Fonagy & Luyten, 2021).
How legal and ethical considerations for group and family differ from those for individualized therapy.
Group and family therapy have quite different legal and ethical considerations than individual treatment, particularly in terms of confidentiality, informed consent, and multiple-client relationships. Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay
In group and family therapy, maintaining confidentiality becomes more difficult due to the involvement of multiple participants. On the other hand, individual therapy focuses on secrecy between the therapist and a single client.
In group and family therapy, therapists have to navigate the complexities of informed consent involving multiple participants, discussing the dynamics among members, and potential confidentiality limitations. This is different from individual therapy where the focus is on obtaining consent solely from the individual client, without the added complexity of managing multiple-client dynamics.
Furthermore, the dynamics of therapy vary in group, family, and individual contexts. Building rapport among many participants, encouraging open communication, and addressing interpersonal dynamics within the group context are all important aspects of group therapy. Family therapy focuses on structural issues within the family unit, reorganizing communication patterns, and managing relational dynamics among the family members. Individual therapy, on the other hand, focuses on personalizing interventions solely to the requirements of a single client, emphasizing personal discovery, coping skills, and individual growth without the challenges of handling group or family relationships (Grover et al., 2022).
How the differences might impact my therapeutic approaches for clients in group, individual, and family therapy
In group therapy, there are challenges with managing confidentiality among multiple participants, requiring clear guidelines to ensure privacy. This situation would force me to first of all find a secure environment where information is not accessible by unintended parties and the individuals are comfortable sharing their issues, and then spend time convincing them on how to maintain confidentiality once I establish trust among group members.
In family therapy, confidentiality extends across multiple family members, which requires navigating complex information-sharing dynamics while respecting individual privacy within the family unit. This would make me emphasize systemic interventions, restructuring communication patterns, and utilizing tools like genograms to facilitate understanding and resolve conflicts among family members and make them get more information concerning their issues and how to go about them within the family in a harmonious way.
Conversely, in individual therapy, where confidentiality primarily involves the therapist-client relationship, I can dedicate focused attention to the individual’s concerns without managing multiple participants. This would allow me to use a more personalized approach tailored to the client’s specific needs through the use of techniques such as cognitive-behavioral interventions, and introspective exercises to address their challenges. Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay

References
Fonagy, P., & Luyten, P. (2021). Socioeconomic and sociocultural factors affecting access to psychotherapies: The way forward. World Psychiatry, 20(3), 315-316. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20911Links to an external site.
Grover, S., Avasthi, A., & Nischal, A. (2022). Ethical and legal issues in psychotherapy. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 64(7), 47. https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_50_21Links to an external site.
Javanbakht, A., & Alberini, C. M. (2019). Editorial: Neurobiological models of psychotherapy. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00144Links to an external site.
Moleiro, C. (2018). Culture and psychopathology: new perspectives on research, practice, and clinical training in a globalized world. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00366Links to an external site.
Plante, T. G. (2019). Relationship between religion, spirituality, and psychotherapy: An ethical perspective. Oxford Handbook of Psychotherapy Ethics, 483-495. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198817338.013.58Links to an external site.

Biological Basis and Ethical/Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay

#1
Lucy L.
American Nurse Association (2014) defines psychotherapy as a term that is used to describe the process of treating patients with mental health and psychiatric disorders. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, dialectic behavior therapy, group therapy, psychoanalytic therapy and client-centered therapy are a few types of psychotherapy (American Nurse Association, 2014). Berlin (2018) explains psychotherapy addresses the way the brain develops, matures, and operates and while following principles of evolutionary adaptation psychotherapy aims to heal problematic adaptations of the brain. Berlin is a scholarly resource as he is a MD and the article used is from a database. Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay
American Psychiatric Nurses Association (2021) explains psychotherapy is a core component of the PMHNP role and we should work towards developing expertise as well as proficiency in multiple psychotherapeutic modalities including humanistic, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and interpersonal approaches. The APNA is scholarly resource because they are a non-profit nurses organization that aims to provide continuing education, resources and research projects aimed at providing resources to psychiatric nurses. The value of psychotherapy can vary when we look at religion, culture and socioeconomics. Religious organizations can provide faith based counseling to clients seeking that sort of therapy. A PMHNP can provide faith based counseling as well. Shared beliefs, languages, values, collective knowledge and community culture need to be explored and integrated in to psychotherapy. In my area I will practice on the reservation or with clients that have Arapahoe and Shoshone cultural considerations that need to be integrated into effective psychotherapy. In my first clinical rotation Native American activities and groups were offered to anyone interested or requesting cultural considerations. One cultural consideration I often have to implement is a larger understanding of the word family. Everyone is cousin and aunts and uncles and itâ€™s not acceptable to ask about actual blood relations because we are all family.
Therapeutic approaches for individual, group, and family therapy could vary when you consider confidentiality. Bipeta (2019) that as practitioners we needs to remember the basic ethics of psychiatric care including respect for autonomy, the principle of non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. The questions you ask an individual in private vs what you ask around others can vary. In any psychotherapy setting we must also consider confidentiality (and disclosure), boundary violations, and informed consent (Bipeta, 2019). If a client has told you something in confidentiality and you know other members of the group or family may not know this information you should keep it confidential. Even if you was a provider and the client are working on telling a family member something the client should do this not you during family or group therapy. Bipeta (2019) explains discussing diagnosis with others in family settings can have ethical and legal concerns. Younger age, being female, and high educational status are more often associated with unwillingness to disclose and should be considered by the PMHNP when assessing sociodemographic concerns (Bipeta, 2019).
American Nurse Association (2014). Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice. (2nd Ed.). Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay
American Psychiatric Nurses Association (December 2021). APNA Position: Psychotherapy and the Psychiatric-Mental Health Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Role. Retrieved from https://www.apna.org/news/psychotherapy-and-the-psychiatric-mental-health-advanced-practice-registered-nurse-role/
Berezin, R. (2018, March 16). Psychotherapyis â€˜the Biological Treatment. Medscape Nurses. Retrieved from https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/893720
Bipeta, R. (2019). Legal and Ethical Aspects of Mental Health Care. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 41(2), 108â€“112. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_59_19
Psychotherapy Is ‘The’ Biological Treatment.pdfDownload Psychotherapy Is ‘The’ Biological Treatment.pdf
Ethical Topics & Types of PMHNP Group Therapies – PSYCH-MENTAL HEALTH HUB.pdfDownload Ethical Topics & Types of PMHNP Group Therapies – PSYCH-MENTAL HEALTH HUB.pdf
APNA Position: Psychotherapy and the Psychiatric-Mental Health Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Ro.pdf Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay

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Mfon Umanah
Wk discussion

Does psychotherapy have a biological basis?
Psychotherapy refers to a method of managing mental health disorders through engaging in a conversation that ends by helping him identify the troubling emotions and thoughts and be able to transition to better behaviors.
It has underlying biological effects on the brain and the body. Some aspects of psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy have proved to alter the neurotransmitters in the patient’s brain. CBT alters levels of dopamine and serotonin leading to mood regulation and controlling emotional responses. Additionally, psychotherapy helps the body deal with stress through the alteration of levels of cortisol and reduces the activity of the amygdala. Some techniques like being mindful and relaxation exercises have proved to have a positive impact on the body’s response to stress (Javanbakht & Alberini, 2019). All these show that psychotherapy really has a biological basis. Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay
How culture, religion, and socioeconomics might influence oneâ€™s perspective on the value of psychotherapy treatments
Some cultures embrace communism and collective thinking and encourage seeking help from members of the family or community rather than professional help. In some cultures, those who have mental health issues get stigmatized and often stressed and fail to seek help through psychotherapy since they think it is shameful or unnecessary, they will find the same people who will stigmatize them instead of helping them (Moleiro, 2018).
Some cultures believe that mental illnesses occur because of spiritual reasons, and they turn to religious leaders for help disregarding psychotherapy as a way to deal with the illness. Some patients also like being attended to by professionals who have the same religious beliefs as them (Plante, 2019).
The socioeconomic status of a person determines whether they will have access to mental health services from a trained professional since they determine the affordability of the therapy sessions. Additionally, people from low socioeconomic backgrounds view psychotherapy as a waste of time and money in that it seems like a luxury to them, and they become reluctant to seek the treatments (Fonagy & Luyten, 2021).
How legal and ethical considerations for group and family differ from those for individualized therapy.
Group and family therapy have quite different legal and ethical considerations than individual treatment, particularly in terms of confidentiality, informed consent, and multiple-client relationships.
In group and family therapy, maintaining confidentiality becomes more difficult due to the involvement of multiple participants. On the other hand, individual therapy focuses on secrecy between the therapist and a single client.
In group and family therapy, therapists have to navigate the complexities of informed consent involving multiple participants, discussing the dynamics among members, and potential confidentiality limitations. This is different from individual therapy where the focus is on obtaining consent solely from the individual client, without the added complexity of managing multiple-client dynamics. Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay
Furthermore, the dynamics of therapy vary in group, family, and individual contexts. Building rapport among many participants, encouraging open communication, and addressing interpersonal dynamics within the group context are all important aspects of group therapy. Family therapy focuses on structural issues within the family unit, reorganizing communication patterns, and managing relational dynamics among the family members. Individual therapy, on the other hand, focuses on personalizing interventions solely to the requirements of a single client, emphasizing personal discovery, coping skills, and individual growth without the challenges of handling group or family relationships (Grover et al., 2022).
How the differences might impact my therapeutic approaches for clients in group, individual, and family therapy
In group therapy, there are challenges with managing confidentiality among multiple participants, requiring clear guidelines to ensure privacy. This situation would force me to first of all find a secure environment where information is not accessible by unintended parties and the individuals are comfortable sharing their issues, and then spend time convincing them on how to maintain confidentiality once I establish trust among group members.
In family therapy, confidentiality extends across multiple family members, which requires navigating complex information-sharing dynamics while respecting individual privacy within the family unit. This would make me emphasize systemic interventions, restructuring communication patterns, and utilizing tools like genograms to facilitate understanding and resolve conflicts among family members and make them get more information concerning their issues and how to go about them within the family in a harmonious way. Biological Basis and Ethical And Legal Considerations of Psychotherapy Essay
Conversely, in individual therapy, where confidentiality primarily involves the therapist-client relationship, I can dedicate focused attention to the individual’s concerns without managing multiple participants. This would allow me to use a more personalized approach tailored to the client’s specific needs through the use of techniques such as cognitive-behavioral interventions, and introspective exercises to address their challenges.