Diagnosing And Caring For The Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay

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Diagnosing And Caring For The Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

ASD is a common complex developmental and neurological disorder with onset in early childhood. Autism is one of the highly prevalent lifelong disorders. It is characterized by persistent difficulties in various areas, including restricted interests, social communication, and repetitive behavior. Caregivers or parents notice some mild autism symptoms at the age of one. Nonetheless, becomes consistently visible at the age of 2 or 3 years. Autism-related functional impairment is usually mild until the child starts schooling. The degree of impairment in functioning capacity varies in individuals. However, jeopardized functioning capacity interferes with the child’s activities of daily life and academic performance, necessitating pharmacological treatment. This paper focuses on pharmacological therapy for ASD symptoms, the risks of these medications, and the clinical practice guidelines for autism. Diagnosing And Caring For The Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay

Medications for Managing Autism Symptoms

            The FDA-approved medications are used in managing symptoms in individuals diagnosed with ASD. First, Risperidone (Risperdal) is an FDA-approved medication for managing ASD-related aggression and irritability in children aged 5 to 16 (Iyama-Kurtycz & Iyama-Kurtycz, 2020). The FDA has also approved Aripiprazole for improving autism symptoms in children ages 6 and 17 (Iyama-Kurtycz & Iyama-Kurtycz, 2020). Additionally, non-FDA-approved medications are prescribed to children with autism as drugs of off-label use. Studies show that antipsychotic medications, such as Olanzapine, are off-label treatments for serious behavioral disturbances, including irritability and aggression, in pediatrics with autism (Lamy et al., 2020).

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Medication’s Risk Assessment

            PMHNPs should consider the risks and benefits of a specific medication before prescribing it to a child with autism. The FDA-approved medications, such as Risperdal, have effectively treated ASD-related social impairment and behavioral disturbances, including aggression and irritability. Additionally, these medications have a high safety profile and are well tolerated by children and teenagers with ASD (Iyama-Kurtycz & Iyama-Kurtycz, 2020). On the other hand, non-FDA-approved medications, especially antipsychotic medications, are effective in improving symptoms in autism patients (Lamy et al., 2020). However, the safety of these medications is unknown. Therefore, prescribing drugs of off-label use to children and adolescents with ASD might expose them to potential adverse drug reactions. For this reason, mental health professionals should use FDA-approved medications in treating children and adolescents with ASD. Diagnosing And Caring For The Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay

The Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for Autism

The CPG informs the diagnosis and treatment of children with autism. Mental healthcare professionals collect information about the patient’s behavior from caregivers or direct observation. The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria are used in diagnosing ASD in the United States. The TEACHH (Treatment and education of Autistic and Related communication-handicapped Children) approach provides professionals with various treatment and teaching principles based on the learning capability of a child with ASD (Subramanyam et al., 2019). Additionally, medications such as Risperidone are used in managing autism-related symptoms in children with this disorder.

Conclusion

ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents. Mental healthcare providers use the FDA-approved medications in treating children and adolescents with autism. Additionally, non-FDA-approved medications are prescribed to this patient profile. However, FDA-approved drugs are preferred due to their efficacy and safety. Additionally, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of ASD are guided by the CPG for Autism. Diagnosing And Caring For The Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay

References

Iyama-Kurtycz, T., & Iyama-Kurtycz, T. (2020). Evidence-Based Treatments. Diagnosing and Caring for the Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Practical Guide for the Primary Care Provider, 109-120.

Lamy, M., Pedapati, E. V., Dominick, K. L., Wink, L. K., & Erickson, C. A. (2020). Recent advances in the pharmacological management of behavioral disturbances associated with autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatric Drugs, 3 (22), 473-483.

Subramanyam, A. A., Mukherjee, A., Dave, M., & Chavda, K. (2019). Clinical practice guidelines for autism spectrum disorders. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(2), 254.

Title of the Paper

This is your introductory paragraph designed to inform the reader of what you will cover in the paper. (BSN Students – Carefully follow your course-specific Grading Rubric concerning the content that is required for your assignment and the Academic Writing Expectations [AWE] level of your course.) This template’s formatting—Times New Roman 12-point font (other options include Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, and Georgia 11), double spacing, 1” margins, 1/2” indentations beginning of each paragraph, page numbers, and page breaks—is set for you, and you do not need to change it. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (you may want to check Spacing under Paragraph, and make sure settings are all set to “0”). The ideas in this paper should be in your own words and supported by credible outside evidence. Cite the author, year of publication, and page number, if necessary, per APA. The introductory paragraph should receive no specific heading because the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. Build this paragraph with the following elements: Diagnosing And Caring For The Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay

  1. Briefly detail what has been said or done regarding the topic.
  2. Explain the problem with what has been said or done.
  3. Create a purpose statement (also commonly referred to as a thesis statement) as the last sentence of this paragraph: “The purpose of this paper is to describe…”.

Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)

This text will be the beginning of the body of the paper. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so the reader can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence, or topic sentence, in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph addresses only one topic. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Avoid long paragraphs that are more than three-fourths of a page. Per our program recommendations, each paragraph should be at least 3-4 sentences in length and contain a topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and a conclusion or lead out sentence. See the MEAL plan (Main idea, Evidence, Analysis, and Lead out) in the Writing Center. In your paragraphs, synthesize your resources/readings into your own words and avoid using direct quotations. In the rare instances you do use a direct quotation of a historical nature from a source, the page or paragraph numbers are also included in the citation. For example, Leplante and Nolin (2014) described burnout as “a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress” (p. 2). When you transition to a new idea, you should begin a new paragraph. Diagnosing And Caring For The Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay

Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)

Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the topic sentence of this section should explain how this paragraph is related to or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using transitions between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas.

Be sure to credit your source(s) in your paper using APA style. The APA Manual 7th edition and the Walden Writing Center are your best citation resources. Writing Center resources are available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations. You must appropriately and correctly cite all works used in your document.

The following paragraph provides examples of in-text citation examples. According to Leplante (2019), employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work. Or you might write and cite in this manner: Employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work (Leplante, 2019). When paraphrasing, the author name and year of publication in citations is required by APA to direct the reader to a specific source in the reference list. Personal communications are not listed in the reference page but are noted in text as (S. Wall, personal communication, May 24, 2019). This should immediately follow the content of the interview. Also, go to Diagnosing And Caring For The Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay

Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)

APA can seem difficult to master, but following the general rules becomes easier with use. The Writing Center also offers numerous APA resources on its website and can answer your questions via email. Prior to submitting your paper for grading, submit your draft to SafeAssign Drafts found in the left column of your course.

And so forth until the conclusion….

Conclusion

The conclusion section should recap the major points of your paper. Do not introduce new ideas in this paragraph; the conclusion should interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture. Diagnosing And Caring For The Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay

 

 

References

Please note that the following references are intended as examples only. List your own references in alphabetical order. Also, these illustrate different types of references; you are responsible for any citations not included in this list. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list.

Journal Article; Two Authors; DOI

Leplante, J. P. & Nolin, C. (2014). Consultas and socially responsible investing in Guatemala: A case study examining Maya perspectives on the Indigenous right to free, prior, and informed consent. Society & Natural Resources, 27(4), 231–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554

Journal Article, Two Authors; URL

Eaton, T. V., & Akers, M. D. (20007). Whistleblowing and good governance. CPA Journal, 77(6), 66–71. http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm

Journal Article, More Than Twenty Authors; DOI

Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee, L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., Ibáñez, L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set. Journal of Improbable Mathematics, 27(1), 1935–1968. https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx

Book; One Author

Weinstein, J. A. (2019). Social change (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. Diagnosing And Caring For The Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay

 

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Book; Chapter in an Edited Book

Christensen, L. (2020). For my people: Celebrating community through poetry. In B. Bigelow, B. Harvey, S. Karp, & L. Miller (Eds.), Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice (Vol. 2; pp. 16–17). Rethinking Schools.

Professional Organization Web page

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Back to school.  https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html

Professional Organization Book

American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice (2nd ed.).

Two or more works by same author in the same year

Wall, S. (2018a). Effects of friendship on children’s behavior. Journal of Social Psychology, 4(1), 101–105.

Wall, S. (2018b). Trials of parenting adolescents with deviant behaviors. Journal of Child Psychology, 4(12), 161–167. Diagnosing And Caring For The Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay

Government Article

National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Lecture Notes

Health effects of exposure to forest fires [Lecture notes]. (2019). Walden University Blackboard. https://class.waldenu.edu

Personal Communication (Only Goes in Body of Paper and not in References)

 

 

Video

Walden University. (2009). Title of video here [Video]. Walden University Blackboard. https://class.waldenu.edu

Television (Audio)

Important, I. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1). The nightly news hour [TV series episode]. Central Broadcasting Service. Diagnosing And Caring For The Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay

APA Resources

You have other several options to assist you in the formulation of your reference page.

  • Your American Psychological Association (APA) Manual is your best reference resource. Use the current edition with a copyright date of 2020.
  • The Walden Writing Center also a great place for referencing advice at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references.

Citation and reference examples are provided in the ‘BSN TOP Ten References and Citations” handout found in the Writing Resources tab of the course. This document covers the 10 most commonly used reference and citation formats. You are responsible for looking up any that are not included on this list. Diagnosing And Caring For The Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay