Discussion: Clinical Research

NSG 3029 Week 5 Discussion

For this assignment, you will post your initial response to the Discussion Area by the due date assigned.

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To support your work, use your course and text readings and articles from the South University Online Library.As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format.Discussion: Clinical Research Essay

Start reviewing and responding to the postings of your classmates as early in the week as possible.Respond to at least two of your classmates.Participate in the discussion by asking a question, providing a statement of clarification, providing a point of view with a rationale, challenging an aspect of the discussion, or indicating a relationship between two or more lines of reasoning in the discussion.Cite sources for your responses to other classmates.Complete your participation for this assignment by the end of the week.

Clinical Research and EBP
You will identify if clinical research is the same as EBP or consider the obstacles to nursing research in a clinical environment.Discussion: Clinical Research Essay

Using the South University Online Library find research articles on clinical research and EBP.

Based on your research, respond to one of the following discussion questions:

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.
Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.Discussion: Clinical Research Essay

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.Discussion: Clinical Research Essay

Medical Ethics in Drug Trials
Thousands of people voluntarily enroll in clinical drug trials every year. They are putting their health and safety at risk by participating in a drug trial. One would think they would be doing this to promote medical advancement, but in all actuality, it is for the high dollar amounts they receive for compensation. People that frequently enroll in drug trials are often called “guinea pigs.” The monetary amount people are paid can go as high seventy-five hundred dollars. The more invasive the procedure is the higher the compensation. These “Guinea pigs” are required to pay taxes on the money they do make. (Elliott, 2008)Discussion: Clinical Research Essay
Reasons for Drug Trials

Lucia. As the owner of a commercial ethical review board and wife of the South Florida Bioavailability Committee (SFBC) vice president, she approved many of the studies brought to the board. Due to the fact that because drug trials were poorly regulated in the early 1970’s Phase I research was conducted on prisoners. The FDA was granted authority to monitor research that involved humans in the 1978; at which time, the FDA ordered each institution to devise an Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB was to generate and monitor the rules of the trials on all studies done within the universality. The IRB was comprised of faculty members who volunteered to evaluate their colleagues’ studies. Unfortunately, before 2005, FDA inspectors’ primary focus was on verifying the clinical trial data, not the human subjects involved in them. Benefits of Drug Trials Who Enrolls in Drug Trials?Discussion: Clinical Research Essay

Introduction
Clinical trial is biomedical or health related research studies in human being that follow a pre-defined protocol. Research is an activity designed to test a hypothesis that helps in concluding and developing knowledge. It is a protocol that has an objectives and procedures to reach those objectives (1). There are two types of clinical studies. One is interventional studies in which the research subjects are assigned by the investigator to a treatment or other intervention, and their outcomes are measured. Second is an observational study in which individuals are observed and their outcomes are measured by the investigators.Discussion: Clinical Research Essay
The first clinical trial of a novel therapy was conducted unintentionally by the Renaissance surgeon Ambroise Parè in 1537. He used a concoction of turpentine, rose oil and egg yolk to prevent the infection of battlefield wounds, noting that the new treatment was much more effective than the traditional formula. The first trial using properly randomized treatment and control groups was carried out in 1948 by the Medical Research Council, and involved the use of streptomycin to treat pulmonary tuberculosis. This trial also featured blind assessment (2).
In December 1946, the War Crimes Tribunal at Nuremberg indicted 20 Nazi physicians and 3 administrators for their willing participation in carrying out the harmful research on unwilling human subjects. Thus, Nuremberg code was the first international code for the ethics to be followed during human subject research. It was permissible medical experiments implemented in August 1947. The code also provides few directives for clinical trials (3).  Discussion: Clinical Research