Epidemiology and Health Surveillance Assignment

Using the epidemiologic principles and measures in addressing clinical issues in the selected population

The selected population is Grenada Middle School students. This practice problem reported in this population is a high rate of lifestyle diseases, specifically obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes Mellitus. Data provided by middle school teachers presented obesity as a preeminent health issue. Additionally, teachers reported that type 2 diabetes is diagnosed in four learners, while three students struggle with type 1 diabetes Mellitus. According to Fang et al. (2019), childhood obesity increases the risk of health complications, including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the epidemiologic principles and measures should be applied to reducing the high prevalence of childhood obesity among Middle School students in Grenada City, lowering the risk of diabetes Mellitus. Epidemiology and Health Surveillance Assignment

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Addressing the high rate of obesity in middle school learners in Grenada City through descriptive and analytic epidemiology

In this case, epidemiologic methods will be based on careful observation of trends in childhood obesity and valid comparison to confirm the observation. For instance, the B.M.I of obese middle-grade learners will be compared to that of their peers who are not obese. Miyawaki et al. (2019) reported that B.M.I score above the 95th percentile in children compared to their peers, indicating childhood obesity. Therefore, Middle School students in  Grenada city with a B. M.I. score above the 95^th percentile will be considered obese. Epidemiology and Health Surveillance Assignment

Using surveillance to influence the determinants of health and improve the health outcomes in middle school learners in Grenada City

The results of population surveillance will be used to influence the determinants of health contributing to the high rate of childhood obesity. Specifically, key contributing factors to the high rate of childhood obesity in the city include low-income levels and poverty and a high degree of illiteracy. As a result, community members will be empowered to increase their income level, enabling them to provide a balanced diet to their children and preventing them from becoming obese. The second strategy involves launching community-based programs to educate individuals on the role of a balanced diet and physical exercise in preventing childhood obesity. According to Albataineh et al. (2019), a high-caloric diet and a sedentary lifestyle are the most significant risk factors for childhood obesity. Therefore, making lifestyle adjustments will reduce the high rate of obesity among middle school learners in Grenada City. Epidemiology and Health Surveillance Assignment

Anticipated ethical concerns

The use of surveillance data might be compromised by ethical issues associated with collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data concerning childhood obesity. Incorrect data might be collected during surveillance, compromising the planning and implementation of community-based programs for addressing this clinical issue.

References

Albataineh, S. R., Badran, E. F., & Tayyem, R. F. (2019). Overweight and obesity in childhood: dietary, biochemical, inflammatory and lifestyle risk factors. Obesity medicine, 15, 100112.

Fang, X., Zuo, J., Zhou, J., Cai, J., Chen, C., Xiang, E., … & Chen, P. (2019). Childhood obesity leads to adult type 2 diabetes and coronary artery diseases: A 2-sample mendelian randomization study. Medicine, 98(32).

Miyawaki, A., Lee, J. S., & Kobayashi, Y. (2019). Impact of the school lunch program on overweight and obesity among junior high school students: a nationwide study in Japan. Journal of Public Health, 41(2), 362-370. Epidemiology and Health Surveillance Assignment

Discussion
Purpose
The purpose of this discussion is to apply concepts in epidemiology and health surveillance to a selected population.

Instructions
Explore the determinants of health and the National Practice Problems that most affect the population you selected in Week 1. Review the following index to locate an epidemiological report published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Link (website): CDC A-Z IndexLinks to an external site.
This report contains data on specific diseases as reported by state and regional health departments, as well as recommendations that have been issued by the CDC.

Use the index to review the most significant issue pertaining to your selected population and one of the eight National Practice Problems to address the following:

Explore the epidemiologic principles and measures used to address your selected practice problem at the national and specific geographic (city or county level) location for the population you have selected. Epidemiology and Health Surveillance Assignment
Examine the use of descriptive and/or analytic epidemiology to address the practice problem.
Propose how you might use surveillance to influence the determinants of health and improve the health outcomes of your population.
Anticipate any ethical concerns that you might have related to the use of surveillance data in your population Epidemiology and Health Surveillance Assignment