Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients Essay

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Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients

Literature Review: Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients within an Outpatient Setting to increase their Lifestyle Modification Practice and Knowledge

The most prevalent condition of all non-communicable diseases is hypertension. Consequently, hypertension is the most common factor in cardiovascular disease, and since many hypertensives are unconscious of their illness, treatment is uncommon and inefficient (Franklin et al., 2020). As a result, poorly regulated blood pressure is a significant global public health concern, particularly for older adults, in terms of financial burden. In understanding how hypertension comes along, various factors need to be acknowledged, including blood pressure and how it reaches a point where an individual may be diagnosed with hypertension. For that reason, blood pressure is the force exerted on blood vessel walls by the flowing blood (Hewes et al., 2020). The pressure is generally crucial since it enables blood circulation in all the body organs though it acts as an interplay between peripheral vascular resistance and myocardial contractility. Hence, in clinical terms, the expression of hypertension is measured using two figures where the numerator represents systolic blood pressure which refers to the highest pressure achieved within the vessels during heart contraction (Hewes et al., 2020). Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients Essay

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The denominator is the diastolic blood pressure, which indicates the lowest pressure the heart may reach rest. Since blood pressure seems to be a continuous variable, no clear numerical values distinguish between elevated and normal blood pressure (Franklin et al., 2020). As a result, individuals develop hypertension if the blood pressure reaches levels attributed to cardiovascular mortality risks. In adults, the main guideline utilized to detect, evaluate, detect and manage hypertension describes the characteristics of 140mmHg systolic and 90mmHg diastolic blood pressure on both days (World Health Organization, 2021).

Despite all the known hypertension adverse consequences, the condition still poses as one of the poorly controlled diseases globally, with the main cause being low-non-pharmacological interventions like lifestyle modifications. In that case, the health promotion approach needs to integrate lifestyle modifications and prescribed medications since most contemporary researchers consider the two interventions to be more effective in controlling and preventing high blood pressure (Londoño – Agudelo et al., 2021). Hence, when training the hypertensives on the most effective lifestyle modifications, the components should include a low-sodium diet, a Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension plans (DASH) adoption, and physical activity. Despite most individuals preferring therapeutic drugs, there will be a need to ensure that healthcare providers equally consider non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments. Therefore, the literature review will assess hypertension prevalence, etiological classification, and modifiable risks.

Hypertension Prevalence

Globally, the estimated number of individuals with hypertension is 1.28 billion as of 2021, with an age range of  30-79 years, and more are from middle and low-income countries. From that number, 46 percent of individuals with hypertension do not acknowledge their risk, while l42 percent have early diagnosis and treatment to manage the condition (World Health Organization, 2021). Considering that hypertension has been one of the causes of global premature deaths, global efforts are to ensure the reduction of hypertension prevalence by 33 percent by 2030. In the United States, over 670,000 deaths in 2020 resulted from hypertension or its contributing cause (CDC, 2020). From the Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention statistics, 116 million United States adults have hypertension, meaning they have more than 130mmHg systolic blood pressure and over 80mmHg diastolic blood pressure, but they are under medication. Individuals with hypertension may record 140/90 mmHg or more, with the United States having approximately 37 million adults with such blood pressure levels (CDC, 2020). One of the reasons hypertension needs to be contained includes the high costs it brings to the patients, their families, and the healthcare system as the associated risks like heart and kidney problems. That is evidenced in the United States after an average of 12 years, resulting in $131 billion yearly in hypertension treatment (CDC, 2020). Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients Essay

Hypertension Etiological Classification

Hypertension classification is under primary and secondary classification and depends on the cause. According to Ombada and Ombada (2020), primary and idiopathic hypertension influences approximately 90 percent of hypertensive cases, primarily for adults aged 40 and above. The leading cause of such hypertension is obesity, genetic predisposition, physical inactivity, and high sodium intake. However, when evaluating racial factors, Blacks have a higher hypertension prevalence than Whites because their treatment and awareness rates are similar. As Hewes et al. (2020) accentuate, the pathophysiological process of primary hypertension is still under review. Secondary hypertension is less common and accounts for 5-10 percent of hypertension cases. However, the causes of secondary hypertension are mainly attributed to other medical conditions that affect the kidneys, like polycystic kidney disease and medical conditions that affect the endocrine system, heart, or arteries (Ombada & Ombada, 2020). And adult women may experience secondary hypertension during pregnancy. For individuals with secondary hypertension, it is always necessary to treat hypertension and the other comorbidities that causes it to prevent adverse effects like stroke, kidney failure, and heart disease.

 

 

Hypertension Modifiable Risks

The main modifiable risks associated with hypertension include unhealthy diets like low vegetable and fruit intake, excessive salt consumption, and high intake of trans fats and saturated fat. The main effects of unhealthy diets are that they affect the artery walls after the deposition of cholesterol which narrows these arteries, leading to increased pressure needed to push the blood flow (Franklin et al., 2020). In such a case, it is always essential to consider unsaturated fat consumption, which is common in foods like sunflower oil, soya beans, and fish which are also effective in reducing blood pressure, thus lowering cardiovascular disease risks. Also, sodium intake has a greater probability of causing hypertension. According to Franklin et al. (2020), sodium balances and regulates electrolytes and fluids in an individual’s body. Hence, patients with hypertension should reduce sodium intake to decrease the chances of developing high blood pressure. Other factors include physical inactivity and being obese or overweight.

However, risks associated with a genetic predisposition may be unmodifiable, including those associated with comorbidities like kidney disease or diabetes, thus needing proper management. In such cases, hypertensive patients must engage in regular physical activities to help regulate their blood pressure to safer levels. The best thing about considering physical activities is that they can lower high blood pressure by 5 or 8 mmHg. Also, obese individuals have a 30kg/m2 body mass index (BMI) while overweight individuals have between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2 BMI, making excess weight one of the causes of hypertension, more so the obesity factor (Mollan et al., 2021). Since most affected individuals are adults, activities like jogging and walking would be essential since they do not involve high-intensity activities. Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients Essay

 

 

Every project has its unique design depending on its setting and to meet the needs of the selected population. In that regard, the research design for the study will depend on the research objectives and questions as the guide. The project aims to identify the essentiality of a training program among hypertensive patients in an outpatient setting to increase their lifestyle modification practice and knowledge. Hence, the paper will evaluate basic sampling information, sample size, significance, reliability, and validity.

Basic Sampling Information

Sampling in research is an essential exercise that enables researchers to select a group they will involve in their research data collection. In that regard, the population to be involved in the study are 30 adults participants aged 25- 70 years that have hypertension and will be divided into five groups  (25- 34, 35-43, 44-53, 54-63, 64-70) with each group comprising of six participants. Due to gender balance, out of the 30 participants, there will be 16 male and 14 female participants; though the research might not be in a position to involve all ethnic but will make sure that the selected participants will offer data that can be easily generalized.

Sample Size

The research will adopt quantitative research to assess whether a training program for hypertensive patients within an outpatient setting can increase these patients’ knowledge and lifestyle modification. Hence, the sample size involved in the research should increase its probability of generalization to the hypertensive population even in other settings(Siedlecki, 2020). The other factors that will influence the research sample size selection include the time to project completion, data collection convenience, and project cost. Hence, the research will involve a stratified random sampling approach since the five groups’ participants have different characteristics and thus need different patient education approaches. Hence, through the 30 participants, the researcher anticipates that the participants will manage to obtain answers to the research questions and meet the objectives. Also, generalization will be easier since the participants act as a representation of the whole population. However, considering that the United States comprises various ethnic groups, a larger sample size would be more effective for better outcomes, but the current project may be impossible due to budget and time constraints.

Sample Significance

The research will involve all project stages, from planning, initiation, execution, implementation, and project closure. Hence, incorporating a manageable sample for the research will enable the researcher to increase the project’s finding’s reliability, accuracy, and dependability. Hence, considering that the sample, involving only 30 participants to represent all individuals with hypertension in the United States, involves participants of different age groups, gender, and various cognition levels. As a result, the research findings will present the entire population. The researcher will also integrate appropriate measures like consistent follow-up to no-responders to prevent bias occurrence. Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients Essay

Reliability

Data Reliability and Consistency

Research reliability is essential in research since it assesses if a research finding can be reproduced multiple times and in a consistent way. According to Zangaro and Jones (2019), when research reliability is present, external factors have not interfered with the research findings. In that case, assessing the essentiality of patient education that can help hypertension patients improve their lifestyle modification and increase their knowledge about condition management requires the inclusion of different participants with different characteristics to determine the appropriate approach for each group. In that case, the researcher needs to ensure that data collection for all five groups is taken simultaneously and with similar requirements, particularly the questionnaires, and questions, to maintain consistency and reliability.

Measuring Tool Reliability

Researchers must ensure that the measurement instruments integrate reliable measurement tools to ensure that the results will be effective for the research. For that reason, the measurement instruments will be calibrated each instrument to fit the research requirements. Hence, during data interpretation, the researcher will ensure that the readings are interpreted appropriately and consistently. Also, once a variation is noted, the research team has to explain it to prevent implicating the reliability of the final research finding. In that case, the survey questions the participants need to answer must be evaluated closely to identify any bias. Also, the questionnaires must be set clearly and concisely to ensure that the participants answer them correctly.

Validity

Research validity refers to the valid findings representation of research from the results obtained from the participants to a similar population outside the research (Clemett & Raleigh, 2021). Hence, validity is necessary since the current research is about applying patient education to increase hypertensive patient knowledge and improve lifestyle modification.

Valid Samples

In that case, the 30 participants will represent the entire population with high hypertension prevalence ranging from 25-70 years. Also, to ensure that the research findings are valid, there will be a need to ensure that the participants are willing and that no coercion is involved in increasing the chances of the participants providing truthful information. Another way of increasing research validity from the samples is to ensure that the participants sign the consent form to avoid legal and ethical implications of the research. Consequently, before the research begins, participants who want to opt-out will be given a chance to avoid disrupting the data collection process.

Measurement Tool Validity

The measurement tool validity relies on the accurate calibration and the researcher’s ability to read and interpret the research results. Hence, the results obtained from the measurement tool will be evaluated using known results. Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients Essay

Implementation Plan

Before beginning a project, an implementation plan is created to outline every specific step and act as a manual for the project’s team. Additionally, it guarantees that each individual knows the project’s goals, including the efficient strategies required to achieve them. Furthermore, it helps the project’s stakeholders see its essential elements so that they may approve it. In that regard, the paper aims to outline the implementation plan for a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients within an outpatient setting, which aims to increase these patients’ lifestyle modification practice and knowledge. The main areas to address are the research’s ethical considerations, a copy of informed consent for the participants, how to recruit the participants, the quantitative data that will be collected, and ways to go about collecting it.

Research Ethical Consideration

Ethical consideration is one of the most important components of all research projects. In such a case, the researcher must write a letter to the selected outpatient clinic to seek permission to undertake the research. In order to guarantee that the participants will not be harmed, the researcher will also seek permission from the local healthcare department, which has the mandate to assess the project’s viability (Hasan et al., 2021). Such permissions are essential since they are crucial considerations that researchers, particularly those in clinical research, must adhere to, considering that the research involves human participants who must be assured of participation safety. Also, the other critical ethical consideration will be ensuring that no participant will be coerced into the research. The main reason for such factor concerns is to increase the research’s reliability and validity (Hasan et al., 2021). That is because, once the researchers coerce the participants, they may not be willing to provide truthful information, which may implicate the research findings. As a result, the researcher will have to receive permission before starting the project, and starting participant identification since the data collected will only be for academic use.

Informed Consent for the Participants

One of the guiding research ethics principles is informed consent. Its goal is for human volunteers to participate in research voluntarily after being fully informed of the implications of participating and after providing their informed consent before engaging in the research (O’Sullivan et al., 2021). Therefore, the participants must fill in the informed consent form provided in Appendix A. Such an informed consent form will be essential since it will prevent the researcher from ethical and legal implications that may arise during research.

How to Recruit the Participants

Getting participants for a research project might be challenging because many questions must be addressed before commencing. That includes the criteria for selecting the right research study participants (O’Sullivan et al., 2021). Hence, the researcher will be specific study goals for the current research to assess the essentiality of patient education when administered to hypertension in improving their overall patient outcomes. That way, selecting the most effective study design and the most appropriate questions relevant to the study will be easy. Therefore, the research particularly targets hypertension patients within an outpatient setting.

After deciding on the research participants, the next process will be participant screening. That is because surveying to filter out participants will ensure that the project’s findings are accurate and credible. The approach will also help save time and money by reducing the time spent sorting through responses (O’Sullivan et al., 2021). In such a case, there will be a need to ensure that the survey is short and focused on ensuring that only the needed participants are.   Also, the questions should not be straightforward since simple answers may influence people that are not interested in the research.

Quantitative Data Collection and Ways to Collect Data

In quantitative research, data is gathered and transformed into numerical form so that statistical computations can be performed and conclusions are drawn. It verifies people’s thoughts and feelings and uses statistical analysis to obtain the results. Using polls, surveys, questionnaires, and other techniques, researchers can gather quantitative data by posing multiple-choice or closed-ended questions. Hence, the best way to conduct the quantitative research will be by using an online open-ended questionnaire. The questionnaire helps the research have a better framework compared to other research techniques like the interview, which can help maximize the effectiveness of the answers that the research seeks. Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients Essay

Appendices

Appendix A: Informed Consent Form

Title: Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients within an Outpatient Setting to increase their Lifestyle Modification Practice and Knowledge

 

Details

Principal Investigator (Provide your Details)

Name:

Department:

Address:

Phone:

Email:

Study Purpose

The researcher requests that you participate in this research project. It’s crucial that you are aware of the goals and procedures of the study before deciding whether or not to participate. Please take your time reading the following material. In case of any unclear information or the need for more information, please reach out to the researcher.

For that reason, the study’s primary purpose is to investigate the essentiality of a training program among hypertensive patients within an Outpatient setting to increase their lifestyle modification practice and knowledge.

Research Procedures

If you choose to be part of the research, the researcher will request you to provide personal information such as age, sex, country of origin, race, and ethnicity. However, to be selected, the researcher will ask you various questions that will determine your participation in the research. Afterward, there will be a series of other questions that will help in exploring the research objectives.

You will not need to worry about privacy despite providing your personal information. That is because the only information that may be shared involves non-identifiable personal and statistical information.

Duration

The online open-ended questionnaires will require two weeks to be filled to enable flexibility in answering the questions and prevent interfering with the participant’s normal life.

Voluntary Participation

Acknowledge that your participation in this research is entirely voluntary. You will select if you want to take part. If you choose to participate, you must fill out the sections below to confirm your consent and confirm your participation. Please let us know if you discontinue participating in the research at any point. Also, note that your withdrawal will not affect your partnership with the research team. If you decide to quit the study before the data collection is concluded, all your information, including consent, will be eliminated.

Consent

I willingly agree to take part in this research. The information mentioned above has been read to me, or I have read it myself. Also, I had the chance to ask questions that were adequately addressed to my satisfaction.Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients Essay

Name: …………………………

Signature: …………………………

Date : ……………………………..

 

 

Integrating a data analysis plan in nursing research is essential since it provides a clear roadmap concerning how the researcher needs to organize and analyze the data obtained from their research. Generally, a data analysis plan is effective because it helps the researchers achieve the research objectives that will enhance the project goals, answer the research questions and engage more specific survey questions that will help answer such research questions. Hence, a proper data analysis plan includes the identified research questions, dataset selection, access, exclusion, and inclusion criteria list, reviewing data to identify variables that will be incorporated within the main analysis, and selecting appropriate statistical software and methods.

The main reason the researcher engages the data analysis plan is to ensure that the data collection procedure aligns with the provided research objectives. In that regard, the paper will engage in a data analysis plan for the “Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients within an Outpatient Setting to increase their Lifestyle Modification Practice and Knowledge” research. Hence, the paper will involve the definition of the variable, identification of the null hypothesis and research hypothesis, the type of analysis, why the analysis is most appropriate for the research, the significance level, and an explanation of the expected results for the quantitative study.

Variables Definition

The research will involve two variables, knowledge, and practice.

  • Knowledge – The researcher will assess the skills, information, and facts that participants exhibit towards managing their hypertensive states during pre and post-intervention.
  • Practice – The researchers will evaluate the pre and post-practice of the study participants in lifestyle modification to identify any improvement.

 

Identification of Null Hypothesis and Research Hypothesis

The researcher wants to determine if a training program for outpatients with hypertension will increase their lifestyle modification practice and knowledge. According to Kang (2021), the null hypothesis is identified by H0, which indicates that the measured response will be unaffected by the tested experimental manipulation. Hence, the null hypothesis represents no effect or no change hypothesis. Therefore, for the study, the null hypothesis will be;

  • H0 = The training program will not affect the outpatient hypertensive patient’s lifestyle modification practice and knowledge.

The research hypothesis is mainly denoted by H1, which mainly refers to the effect brought by manipulating the measured independent variable to have an effect on the measured response. In such a case, the current study’s research hypothesis would be; Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients Essay

  • H1 = The training program positively affects the outpatient hypertensive patients’ lifestyle modification knowledge and practice.

Type of Analysis

The obtained data will be coded and analyzed using version 21 of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) statistical software. Also, the research questions and variables will be analyzed using the t-test and descriptive statistics.

Why the Analysis is Most Appropriate for the Research

The main reason for integrating SPSS Version 21 is to enhance the researcher’s ability to make informed decisions when simulation modeling (Grove & Cipher, 2019). Consequently, through SPSS, the researcher increases the performance speed that is more accurate and makes it effective in using various specialized techniques, thus simplifying common data types access. A t-test analysis is an essential statistical test since it helps the researcher compare the means between two tested groups. Mainly, the t-test analysis is used in research comprising hypothesis testing that determines if the treatment and processes used to intervene in a certain condition affect the target population or if the two measured groups are different (Grove & Cipher, 2019).

Also, through the t-test, the researcher will express the continuous variables through the mean ± standard deviation that will then be compared with pre-post and between-groups tests. In such a case, the researcher will use the t-test, standard deviation, mean, percentages and tables as part of the data analysis to evaluate the significance level of the proposed intervention. By engaging the descriptive analysis, it will help the researcher in engaging in data validation checks to assess the data presented. Hence, data that will appear incorrect or missing will be rectified if possible, and in case the researcher cannot rectify it, such data will be excluded from the analysis.

The Significant Level

The significant level in clinical research is also acknowledged as alpha or α. According to Tappen (2022), the significant level acts as the ultimate evidence strength measure that the research sample must involve before determining if the research needs to be rejected using the null hypothesis or accepting the research after identifying the effect of a given intervention on the patient population. In that case, researchers must determine their study’s significance levels before engaging in any research experiment. In that regard, the current research’s significant level will include a 95% confidence level with a margin error of 0.05.

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An Explanation of the Expected Results of the Quantitative Study

The researcher engages the research with the assumption that most outpatient hypertensive patients lack enough knowledge and practice in lifestyle modification that affects how they control their hypertensive states. Most researchers cite inadequate knowledge and nonpharmacological practices as the main barrier to achieving practical intervention to control hypertensive states. Hence, it is evident that such barriers in practice and knowledge affect hypertensive patients’ behaviors in achieving overall positive health outcomes.

Hence, some expected research outcomes are that the highest number of research participants will be females. That is based on research statistics proving that females visit healthcare facilities compared than their male counterparts (Tappen, 2022). Also, it is expected that many participants will be married since, in most cases, coercion to seek medical care in outpatient health facilities mainly comes from family members, particularly children who cannot watch their parents suffer in silence. The research also expects that most participants who will accept to be part of the research will be literate and those who believe in medical intervention. Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients Essay

That is because such participants will understand the need to research to improve the overall patient health outcomes and help integrate proper health intervention for hypertensive patients. Also, considering that most individuals are tied to their cultural values, the research is bound to attract those that believe that medical interventions can save their lives since religion, culture, and medical conflicts can impact how care is administered to patients by healthcare providers. Since the researcher believes that a training program will be the most effective intervention to increase hypertensive patients’ lifestyle modification and knowledge within an outpatient setting, the expected outcome is that most will increase their knowledge of the type of activities and foods they need to eat. In such a case, it is expected that most will answer that frying is not an essential cooking method and that overconsumption of salt will increase their risks in controlling and managing hypertension.

Hence, in general, the researcher believes that after the training program is implemented, it will increase participants’ knowledge and practice of lifestyle modification compared to their practice and knowledge before the intervention.

Conclusion

These factors are essential since they help researchers acknowledge some causes and ways to prevent and manage hypertension. The literature identifies various gaps, including diagnosis, where quite a number of people are unaware of their hypertensive situation. For instance, according to the World Health Organization (2021), approximately 46 percent of adults globally are unaware of their hypertension condition, thus risking them to developing adverse side effects like kidney illness. Also, the CDC (2020) projects that in America, one in every three adult Americans is unaware of their hypertension condition. The other gap identified concerns follow-up, where individuals aware of hypertensive condition rarely engage in a follow-up consultation. For instance, Londoño – Agudelo et al. (2021) study identified a high number of individuals that did not carry out follow-up treatment were male, with the main contributors to such conditions being uninsured, paid occupation, and those that reported alcohol consumption. Hence, the training program among hypertensive patients within an outpatient setting to increase their lifestyle modification practice and knowledge is essential to reduce the prevalence of the identified gaps. Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients Essay

 

 

 

References

CDC. (2020, February 25). Facts About Hypertension. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm#:~:text=Nearly%20half%20of%20adults%20in

Franklin, B. A., Myers, J., & Kokkinos, P. (2020). Importance of Lifestyle Modification on Cardiovascular Risk Reduction. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 40(3), 138–143. https://doi.org/10.1097/hcr.0000000000000496

Hewes, J. L., Lee, J. Y., Fagan, K. A., & Bauer, N. N. (2020). The changing face of pulmonary hypertension diagnosis: a historical perspective on the influence of diagnostics and biomarkers. Pulmonary Circulation, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2045894019892801

Londoño – Agudelo, E., Pérez Ospina, V., Battaglioli, T., Taborda Pérez, C., Gómez‐Arias, R., & Van der Stuyft, P. (2021). Gaps in hypertension care and control: a population‐based study in low‐income urban Medellin, Colombia. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 26(8), 895–907. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13599

Mollan, S. P., Tahrani, A. A., & Sinclair, A. J. (2021). The Potentially Modifiable Risk Factor in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. Neurology: Clinical Practice, 11(4), e504–e507. https://doi.org/10.1212/cpj.0000000000001063

Ombada, M., & Ombada, M. (2020). Diagnosing Hypertension Among Adults; A Study Based on Prevention-Management of Primary and Secondary Hypertension. Global Journal of Health Science, 12(2), 61. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n2p61

World Health Organization. (2021, August 25). Hypertension. Who.int; World Health Organization: WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension

Clemett, V. J., & Raleigh, M. (2021). The validity and reliability of clinical judgement and decision-making skills assessment in nursing: A systematic literature review. Nurse Education Today, 102, 104885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104885

Siedlecki, S. L. (2020). Understanding Descriptive Research Designs and Methods. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 34(1), 8–12. research gate. https://doi.org/10.1097/nur.0000000000000493

Zangaro, G. A., & Jones, K. (2019). Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index: A Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 41(11), 1658–1684. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945918823779

Boswell, C., & Cannon, S. (2022). Introduction to nursing research: Incorporating evidence-based practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Hasan, N., Rana, R. U., Chowdhury, S., Dola, A. J., & Rony, M. K. K. (2021). Ethical Considerations In Research. Journal of Nursing Research, Patient Safety and Practise, 1(11), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.55529/jnrpsp11.1.4

O’ Sullivan, L., Feeney, L., Crowley, R. K., Sukumar, P., McAuliffe, E., & Doran, P. (2021). An evaluation of the process of informed consent: views from research participants and staff. Trials, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05493-1

Grove, S. K., & Cipher, D. J. (2019). Statistics for nursing research-e-book: a workbook for evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Kang, H. (2021). Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 18(17), 17. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.17 Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients Essay

Tappen, R. M. (2022). Advanced nursing research: From theory to practice. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Hi, this is the Final part of the research proposal project. This is a REVISION of the final paper (which is attached )
– I put in a single word document all the parts from the beginning to the end of the research project (all the parts has been made by you)
– This is just a revision and to add something from the instructions if it is missing.
– Instructions are attached and rubric as well
– The final paper with everything included is attached as well ( the only missing thing is to revise the paper and add or remove parts based on the instructions for final paper and rubric)
– If you have any question please let me know Essentiality of a Training Program Among Hypertensive Patients Essay