Evidence-Based Medicine Paper
Evidence-Based Medicine Paper
What levels of evidence are present in relation to research and practice, and why are they important regardless of the method you use?
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) helps in clinical decision-making for the benefit of patients. One major component of EBM is the system of hierarchy for evidence classification. The name of this hierarchy is popularly referred to as the levels of evidence. For answering clinical questions, physicians need to use the highest level of evidence available. Various levels of evidence have been developed over the years but here are some common ones used.Evidence-Based Medicine Paper
ORDER A PLAGIARISM -FREE PAPER NOW
The evidence levels for Prognostic
| Level | Type of evidence |
| I | High quality prospective cohort studies
A systemic review of the above studies |
| II | Cohort studies of a lesser quality, retrospective cohort studies, untreated controls from an RCT, and a systematic review of the above studies. |
| III | Case control studies
A systematic review of case control studies |
| IV | Case series |
| V | Case reports, expert opinions, bench research, evidence-based physiology, ‘first principles’ |
(Burns, Rohrich, & Chung, 2011)
For therapeutic studies
| Level | Type of evidence |
| 1A | Systematic review of RCTs (With homogeneity) |
| 1B | Individual RCT |
| 1C | None or all study |
| 2A | Systematic review of cohort studies (With homogeneity) |
| 2B | Individual cohort studies |
| 2C | Ecological studies
Outcomes research |
| 3A | Systemic review of case-control studies (With homogeneity) |
| 3B | Individual case-control studies |
| 4 | Case series
Poor quality case control and cohort studies |
| 5 | Expert opinion |
(Burns, Rohrich, & Chung, 2011)
When referring to levels of evidence, priority is given to level 1 evidences and it reduces as one goes down the hierarchy. Referring to levels of evidence is important because it improves the quality of decision-making.Evidence-Based Medicine Paper
References
Burns, P. B., Rohrich, R. J., & Chung, K. C. (2011). The levels of evidence and their role in evidence-based medicine. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 128(1), 305–310. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e318219c171
Evidence-Based Medicine Paper
