Genes Associated with the Development of Disease Essay

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I am providing structure and guidance to ensure you do not loose points unnecessarily.  Please follow the recommendation below for your first paper assignment.  In so doing, this will serve as a guide for future paper assignments.

Start your paper assignment with 2-3 sentence introduction followed by stating: the purpose of this paper will be to explain the presenting symptoms for the assigned case scenario.  In addition, identify genes that may be associated with the development of disease.  Lastly, explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on the body. Genes Associated with the Development of Disease Essay

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This format is the only format that will be accepted as you fulfill WU requirement to include a purpose statement. 

Due to the page limit, no need to insert the assigned case scenario word by word.

Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis in which you.  Make note of the subject heading format.

• Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.  Presenting Signs and Symptoms (example of the required subject heading)
• Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease. Genes Associated with the Development of Disease (example of the required subject heading)
• Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.  The Process of Immunosuppression (example of the required subject heading)

Fulfilling 1-2 pages is challenging to keep content concise and not go over the maximum page limit.  If the conclusion, is on 1/4^th to ½ of page 3 of content that will be fine.  Submitting multiple pages beyond 3 pages of content will receive point deductions. Genes Associated with the Development of Disease Essay

Ensure you are adhering to APA 7th edition.  Spell out all abbreviations when first included as content followed by the abbreviation.  Papers should reflect use of medical terminology reflective of graduate level education and professional nursing experience.

No need to cite any references in the conclusion as this does not reflect APA format.

Content reflective of citing references in a conclusion will not be considered for grading.

WU did away with including Running Head for papers assignments several semesters ago therefore, no need to include.

No need to write in first person.

Do not cite the Centers for Disease and Prevention, Mayo Clinic or Cleveland Clinic, as they are not considered a primary source of reference

Consider WU maximum page limit. I will accept up to but no more than 3 pages of content. Beyond 3 pages of content, point deductions will apply.

Case Overview

A 42-year-old man presents to the clinic with pain, redness, and swelling in his right calf after sustaining a cut from a string trimmer while working in his yard. He initially cleaned the wound with garden hose water and applied a Band-Aid. However, several days later, he developed a fever (100.6°F) and chills, accompanied by increased redness and swelling in the affected leg. Seeking definitive care, he visits the emergency department. The assignment entails an explanation of the signs and symptoms, the genes associated with the development of the disease, and the process of immunosuppression. Genes Associated with the Development of Disease Essay

The Presenting Signs And Symptoms

The signs and symptoms described in the case are pain, redness, swelling, fever, and chills, which are indicative of an inflammatory response and suggest a possible infection. The initial cut from the string trimmer is essentially a breach in the skin’s protective barrier. This creates an entry point for bacteria from the surrounding environment to invade the body. The use of a garden hose to clean the wound introduces environmental contaminants and bacteria into the injured area. The skin normally acts as a barrier to pathogens, preventing them from entering the body. However, the breach in this case allows bacteria to access the deeper layers of tissue. The body’s immediate response to the presence of bacteria is inflammation (Hannoodee & Nasuruddin, 2020). Localized cellulitis occurs as immune cells, particularly white blood cells, migrate to the site of infection to neutralize and eliminate the invading pathogens. This process leads to classic signs of inflammation which are pain, redness, and swelling. If the infection progresses or if the bacterial load is significant, the immune response can become systemic. The release of certain signaling molecules such as cytokines triggers a systemic inflammatory response (Kany et al., 2019). Fever is a common systemic response, and chills often accompany it. The elevation in body temperature is an attempt to create an environment less conducive to bacterial growth and enhance the activity of immune cells. Genes Associated with the Development of Disease Essay

The Genes Associated With The Disease

While the primary cause of the symptoms in the presented case is the introduction of bacteria through the traumatic injury, it’s essential to acknowledge that genetic factors can influence an individual’s susceptibility to infections and may play a role in the severity and outcome of the disease. Some individuals may possess genetic variations affecting the production and function of antimicrobial peptides AMPs. AMPs are part of the innate immune system and play a crucial role in defending against a broad range of pathogens, including bacteria (Lazzaro et al., 2020). Genetic differences in AMPs could impact the efficiency of the initial defense against bacteria at the site of the wound. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are proteins that play a key role in recognizing and initiating an immune response to infectious agents. Genetic variations in TLR genes can influence how effectively the immune system detects and responds to bacterial invaders (El-Zayat et al., 2019). Individuals with certain genetic variations may have a heightened or weakened immune response to specific pathogens. Genes Associated with the Development of Disease Essay

While genetic factors may influence an individual’s susceptibility to infections, it’s important to differentiate between genetic predisposition and acquired infection. In this case, the primary cause of the symptoms is the traumatic injury, introducing bacteria directly into the wound. However, the patient’s genetic makeup may contribute to the overall immune response and, consequently, impact the progression and severity of the infection. Genetic variations can contribute to the variability in disease severity and outcome among individuals. For example, two people exposed to the same bacteria may experience different immune responses based on their genetic makeup (Anastassopoulou et al., 2019). Some individuals may mount a robust immune defense, effectively clearing the infection, while others may be more susceptible to severe manifestations. Genes Associated with the Development of Disease Essay

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The Process Of Immunosuppression

Immunosuppression is a condition where the immune system’s activity is reduced, making an individual more susceptible to infections. This suppression can occur naturally or be induced by various factors. In the context of the case, the patient’s potential immunosuppression may be linked to the use of a garden hose to clean the wound, introducing environmental contaminants and bacteria that overwhelmed his immune defenses. Some individuals may have inherently weaker immune responses due to genetic factors or age-related changes. Immunosuppression can also be intentionally induced through medical treatments or medications such as Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and corticosteroids (Salminen, 2020). This is common in conditions such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, or certain cancers. Immunosuppression often leads to a reduction in the number and function of white blood cells, particularly lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are crucial for recognizing and targeting specific pathogens (Salminen, 2020). it also affects the production of antibodies, cytokines, signaling molecules, and proteins that play a key role in neutralizing and eliminating infectious agents. In the case scenario, the use of a garden hose to clean the wound might have introduced contaminants that, in the presence of immunosuppression, overwhelmed the patient’s immune defenses. It’s crucial to investigate whether the patient has underlying conditions or is taking medications that could induce immunosuppression. Genes Associated with the Development of Disease Essay

 References

Anastassopoulou, C., Gkizarioti, Z., Patrinos, G. P., & Tsakris, A. (2020). Human genetic factors associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity. Human genomics, 14(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40246-020-00290-4

El-Zayat, S. R., Sibaii, H., & Mannaa, F. A. (2019). Toll-like receptors activation, signaling, and targeting: an overview. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 43(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0227-2

Hannoodee, S., & Nasuruddin, D. N. (2020). Acute inflammatory response. https://europepmc.org/article/NBK/nbk556083

Kany, S., Vollrath, J. T., & Relja, B. (2019). Cytokines in inflammatory disease. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(23), 6008. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236008

Lazzaro, B. P., Zasloff, M., & Rolff, J. (2020). Antimicrobial peptides: Application informed by evolution. Science, 368(6490), eaau5480. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau5480

Salminen, A. (2020). Activation of immunosuppressive network in the aging process. Ageing research reviews, 57, 100998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2019.100998 Genes Associated with the Development of Disease Essay