Health Education and Promotion for the Patient Assignment

Case Study of a 68 Year-Old Male Diagnosed with Community-Acquired Pneumonia and with a History of Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Type II Diabetes, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or COPD

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an illness with pneumonia that did not occur in a hospital or other healthcare facility. It is a widespread infection in the United States, with approximately 5.6 million cases reported each year. The first line of treatment is usually empiric, with a suggestion to utilize macrolide antibiotics (Hammer & McPhee, 2018; Huether & McCance, 2017). Patient HH is already being treated with azithromycin in accordance with the recommendations. There are established risk factors for developing community-acquired pneumonia. These include chronological age over 65, immunosuppression such as HIV infection or the use of anti-rejection medicines, and comorbidities such as diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD. This paper is about a 68 year-old male diagnosed with CAP. Health Education and Promotion for the Patient Assignment

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The Health Needs of the 68 Year-Old Senior Citizen

            Presently, the most pressing necessity for this patient is feeding. He is experiencing nausea and vomiting, which are prohibiting him from eating or tolerating any diet. If not addressed, this will eventually weaken his body owing to nutritional deficiencies and predispose him to future infection due to weakened immunity. This nausea and vomiting issue could be a side effect of the meds he is now taking, or it could be a symptom of a separate and unrelated pathological process. In this scenario, the symptoms are most likely the result of side effects from one or more of the medications he is taking.

The Choice of Treatment for the Patient

Ceftriaxone sticks out among the empirical antibiotics administered to the patient as an antibiotic noted for its adverse effects of nausea and vomiting (Cunha, 2018; Katzung, 2018; Rosenthal & Burchum, 2018). Ceftriaxone can be switched with a fluoroquinolone antibiotic such gatifloxacin (Tequin) to try and control the debilitating side effects of nausea and vomiting to rule it out and see if the patient improves. Even though azithromycin has some lingering nausea and vomiting side effects, they are not as severe as they are with ceftriaxone. Ondansetron (Zofran) 24 mg qds will be given to him to reduce the nausea and vomiting and to give him some time to eat. This drug will be helpful in controlling the nausea and vomiting symptoms. The patient must then be monitored for therapeutic response. Health Education and Promotion for the Patient Assignment

The Required Health Education and Promotion for the Patient

The patient has a long history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This is one of the risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia. As a result, it is critical that he avoids conditions that may cause a worsening of this ailment. One of the most critical things he needs to do is cease smoking immediately if he is still doing so. Second, the patient should avoid environmental allergens, which might aggravate COPD. Third, he has a history of diabetes, which makes him susceptible to community acquired pneumonia. As a result, he must also ensure that his glycemic control is up to date and that his blood sugars do not regularly fall outside of normal levels.

Another piece of preventive advice that the patient should receive is to eat small frequent meals rather than large portions, to eat light and plain foods rather than heavy meals, and to avoid foods with a strong flavor, that are greasy, or that are very sweet. Furthermore, he should avoid engaging in any physical activity after eating, drink cold fluids often, drink ginger tea, and stay hydrated by drinking enough of oral rehydration fluids. Health Education and Promotion for the Patient Assignment

References

Cunha, J.P. (2018). Ceftriaxone side effects centre. https://www.rxlist.com/ceftriaxone-side-effects-drug-center.htm

Hammer, D.G., & McPhee, S.J. (Eds). (2018). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine, 8^th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Huether, S.E. & McCance, K.L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology, 6^th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier, Inc.

Katzung, B.G. (Ed) (2018). Basic and clinical pharmacology, 14^th ed. McGraw-Hill Education.

Rosenthal, L.D., & Burchum, J.R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers. Elsevier.

Patho week 9 discussion
Patient case study assigned
HH is a 68 yo M who has been admitted to the medical ward with community-acquired pneumonia for the past 3 days. His PMH is significant for COPD, HTN, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. He remains on empiric antibiotics, which include ceftriaxone 1 g IV qday (day 3) and azithromycin 500 mg IV qday (day 3). Since admission, his clinical status has improved, with decreased oxygen requirements. He is not tolerating a diet at this time with complaints of nausea and vomiting. Health Education and Promotion for the Patient Assignment
Ht: 5’8” Wt: 89 kg
Allergies: Penicillin (rash)
To Prepare
• Review the Resources for this module and reflect on the different health needs and body systems presented.
• Your Instructor will assign you a complex case study to focus on for this Discussion.
• Consider how you will practice critical decision making for prescribing appropriate drugs and treatment to address the complex patient health needs in the patient case study you selected.
By Day 3 of Week 9
Post a brief description of your patient’s health needs from the patient case study you assigned. Be specific. Then, explain the type of treatment regimen you would recommend for treating your patient, including the choice or pharmacotherapeutics you would recommend and explain why. Be sure to justify your response. Explain a patient education strategy you might recommend for assisting your patient with the management of their health needs. Be specific and provide examples. Health Education and Promotion for the Patient Assignment