Health Promotion in Minority Populations Discussion Paper

^{Rubric Criteria}

^{Collapse All Rubric CriteriaCollapse All}

^{Identification and Description of Selected Minority Group}

^20 points

^{Criteria Description}

^{Identification and Description of Selected Minority Group}

5. ^Excellent

^20 points

^{A detailed description of ethnic minority group is partially presented. Health status for this group is thoroughly discussed. Explanation of how race and ethnicity influence health for this group is clearly presented. A well-developed comparison for how the ethnic minority group compares to the national average is presented. Health Promotion in Minority Populations Discussion Paper}

4. ^Good

^17.8 points

^{Description of ethnic minority group is partially presented. Health status for this group is discussed. Explanation of how race and ethnicity influence health for this group is presented. A comparison for how the ethnic minority group compares to the national average is presented.}

3. ^Satisfactory

^15.8 points

^{Summary of ethnic minority group is partially presented. Health status for this group is generally discussed. Explanation of how race and ethnicity influence health this group is generally presented. It is unclear how the health status of this ethnic minority group compares to the national average. A general comparison for how the ethnic minority group compares to the national average is presented.}

2. ^{Less than Satisfactory}

^15 points

^{Description of ethnic minority group is partially presented. Health status for this group is vague. It is unclear how race and ethnicity influence health for this group.}

1. ^{Unsatisfactory}

^0 points

^{Description and health status for ethnic minority group is not presented.}

^{Health Disparities and Nutritional Challenges for Minority Group}

^30 points

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^{Criteria Description}

^{Health Disparities and Nutritional Challenges for Minority Group}

5. ^Excellent

^30 points

^{A thorough discussion of the health disparities and nutritional challenges for this group is clearly presented. All relevant findings related to the ethnic minority group have been included. A well-developed comparison for how the ethnic minority group compares to the national average is presented.}

4. ^Good

^26.7 points

^{A discussion of the health disparities and nutritional challenges for this group is presented. The significant findings related to the ethnic minority group have been included. A comparison for how the ethnic minority group compares to the national average is presented. Some detail is needed for clarity. Health Promotion in Minority Populations Discussion Paper}

3. ^Satisfactory

^23.7 points

^{A discussion of the health disparities and nutritional challenges for this group is generally presented. Most significant findings related to the ethnic minority group have been included. A general comparison for how the ethnic minority group compares to the national average is presented. Some support is needed to support statements.}

2. ^{Less than Satisfactory}

^22.5 points

^{A summary of the health disparities and nutritional challenges for this group is presented. Significant details have been omitted. Summary lacks evidence to support statements.}

1. ^{Unsatisfactory}

^0 points

^{Health disparities and nutritional challenges for this group are not presented.}

^{Barriers to Health for Minority Group}

^30 points

^{Criteria Description}

^{Barriers to Health for Minority Group}

5. ^Excellent

^30 points

^{Barriers to health for this ethnic minority group resulting from culture, socioeconomics, education, and sociopolitical factors are thoroughly discussed. A well-developed comparison for how the ethnic minority group compares to the national average is presented. Compelling and accurate evidence is provided to support statements.}

4. ^Good

^26.7 points

^{Barriers to health for this ethnic minority group resulting from culture, socioeconomics, education, and sociopolitical factors are discussed. A comparison for how the ethnic minority group compares to the national average is presented. Minor evidence is needed to support statements.}

3. ^Satisfactory

^23.7 points

^{Barriers to health for ethnic minority group are summarized. The summary includes barriers resulting from culture, socioeconomics, education, and sociopolitical factors. There are some inaccuracies. A general comparison for how the ethnic minority group compares to the national average is presented. Some evidence is needed to support statements.}

2. ^{Less than Satisfactory}

^22.5 points

^{Barriers to health for ethnic minority group are partially presented. The summary is not consistent with the assignment criteria. There are significant inaccuracies. Summary lacks evidence to support statements.}

1. ^{Unsatisfactory}

^0 points

^{Barriers to health for ethnic minority group are not presented.}

^{Health Promotion Activities Practiced by Minority Group}

^20 points

^{Criteria Description}

^{Health Promotion Activities Practiced by Minority Group}

5. ^Excellent

^20 points

^{Health promotion activities practiced by minority groups are accurately identified and described in detail. A well-developed comparison for how the ethnic minority group compares to the national average is presented. Compelling and accurate evidence is provided to support statements.}

4. ^Good

^17.8 points

^{Health promotion activities practiced by minority groups are described. A comparison for how the ethnic minority group compares to the national average is presented. Minor evidence is needed to support statements. Health Promotion in Minority Populations Discussion Paper}

3. ^Satisfactory

^15.8 points

^{Health promotion activities practiced by minority groups are generally described. There are minor inaccuracies. A general comparison for how the ethnic minority group compares to the national average is presented. Some evidence is needed to support statements.}

2. ^{Less than Satisfactory}

^15 points

^{Health promotion activities practiced by minority groups are partially summarized. There are significant inaccuracies. Summary lacks evidence to support statements.}

1. ^{Unsatisfactory}

^0 points

^{Health promotion activities practiced by minority groups are not presented.}

^{Three Levels of Health Promotion Prevention}

^30 points

^{Criteria Description}

^{Three Levels of Health Promotion Prevention}

5. ^Excellent

^30 points

^{A care plan, with at least one approach using the three levels of health promotion prevention, is thoroughly described. A well-supported explanation of how this plan meets the unique needs of the ethnic minority group selected, and why it is the most effective choice, is presented. The discussion demonstrates a clear understanding of the three levels of health promotion prevention and their application to a unique group.}

4. ^Good

^26.7 points

^{A care plan, with at least one approach using the three levels of health promotion prevention, is described. An explanation of how this plan meets the unique needs of the ethnic minority group selected, and why it is the most effective choice, is presented. Minor support or rationale is needed.}

3. ^Satisfactory

^23.7 points

^{A care plan, with at least one approach using the three levels of health promotion prevention, is summarized. A general explanation of how this plan meets the unique needs of the ethnic minority group selected, and why it is the most effective choice, is presented. Some support or rationale is needed.}

2. ^{Less than Satisfactory}

^22.5 points

^{A care plan, with at least one approach using the three levels of health promotion prevention, is partially presented. It is unclear how this plan meets the unique needs of the ethnic minority group selected. There are inaccuracies.}

1. ^{Unsatisfactory}

^0 points

^{A care plan, with at least one approach using the three levels of health promotion prevention, is not presented.}

^{Cultural Competent Health Promotion for Ethnic Minority Population}

^30 points

^{Criteria Description}

^{Cultural Competent Health Promotion for Ethnic Minority Population}

5. ^Excellent

^{30 points Health Promotion in Minority Populations Discussion Paper}

^{Cultural beliefs and practices to be considered are thoroughly discussed. A relevant cultural theory or model is proposed. Overall, the content strongly supports a culturally competent health promotion for this population. Strong evidence and rational are provided for support. The discussion demonstrates aptitude for understanding cultural competence and developing culturally competent health promotions.}

4. ^Good

^26.7 points

^{Cultural beliefs and practices to be considered are discussed. A relevant cultural theory or model is proposed. Overall, the content generally supports a culturally competent health promotion for this population. Some evidence or rationale is needed.}

3. ^Satisfactory

^23.7 points

^{Cultural beliefs and practices to be considered are summarized. A relevant cultural theory or model is proposed. Overall, the content generally supports a culturally competent health promotion for this population. There are some inaccuracies. More evidence or rationale is needed.}

2. ^{Less than Satisfactory}

^22.5 points

^{Cultural beliefs and practices to be considered are presented but are incomplete or inaccurate. The cultural theory or model proposed is partially presented; or, the model is not relevant. Overall, the content does not support a culturally competent health promotion for this population. There are significant inaccuracies.}

1. ^{Unsatisfactory}

^0 points

^{Cultural beliefs, practices, and relevant cultural theory significant to supporting a culturally competent health promotion for this population are not presented.}

^{Thesis, Position, or Purpose}

^10 points

^{Criteria Description}

^{Communicates reason for writing and demonstrates awareness of audience.}

5. ^Excellent

^10 points

^{The thesis, position, or purpose is clearly communicated throughout and clearly directed to a specific audience.}

4. ^Good

^8.9 points

^{The thesis, position, or purpose is adequately presented. An awareness of the appropriate audience is demonstrated.}

3. ^Satisfactory

^7.9 points

^{The thesis, position, or purpose is discernable in most aspects but is occasionally weak or unclear. There is limited awareness of the appropriate audience.}

2. ^{Less than Satisfactory}

^7.5 points

^{The thesis, position, or purpose is unfocused or confused. There is very little awareness of the intended audience. Health Promotion in Minority Populations Discussion Paper}

1. ^{Unsatisfactory}

^0 points

^{The thesis, position, or purpose is not discernible. No awareness of the appropriate audience is evident.}

^{Development, Structure, and Conclusion}

^10 points

^{Criteria Description}

^{Advances position or purpose throughout writing; conclusion aligns to and evolves from development.}

5. ^Excellent

^10 points

^{The thesis, position, or purpose is logically advanced throughout. The progression of ideas is coherent and unified. A clear and logical conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.}

4. ^Good

^8.9 points

^{The thesis, position, or purpose is advanced in most aspects. Ideas clearly build on each other. Conclusion aligns to the development of the purpose.}

3. ^Satisfactory

^7.9 points

^{Limited advancement of thesis, position, or purpose is discernable. There are inconsistencies in organization or the relationship of ideas. Conclusion is simplistic and not fully aligned to the development of the purpose.}

2. ^{Less than Satisfactory}

^7.5 points

^{Writing lacks logical progression of the thesis, position, or purpose. Some organization is attempted, but ideas are disconnected. Conclusion is unclear and not supported by the overall development of the purpose.}

1. ^{Unsatisfactory}

^0 points

^{No advancement of the thesis, position, or purpose is evident. Connections between paragraphs are missing or inappropriate. No conclusion is offered.}

^Evidence

^10 points

^{Criteria Description}

^{Selects and integrates evidence to support and advance position/purpose; considers other perspectives.}

5. ^Excellent

^10 points

^{Specific and appropriate evidence is included. Relevant perspectives of others are clearly considered.}

4. ^Good

^8.9 points

^{Relevant evidence that includes other perspectives is used.}

3. ^Satisfactory

^7.9 points

^{Evidence is used but is insufficient or of limited relevance. Simplistic explanation or integration of other perspectives is present.}

2. ^{Less than Satisfactory}

^7.5 points

^{Evidence is limited or irrelevant. The interpretation of other perspectives is superficial or incorrect.}

1. ^{Unsatisfactory}

^0 points

^{Evidence to support the thesis, position, or purpose is absent. The writing relies entirely on the perspective of the writer.}

^{Mechanics of Writing}

^4 points

^{Criteria Description}

^{Includes spelling, capitalization, punctuation, grammar, language use, sentence structure, etc.}

5. ^Excellent

^4 points

^{No mechanical errors are present. Appropriate language choice and sentence structure are used throughout.}

4. ^Good

^3.56 points

^{Few mechanical errors are present. Suitable language choice and sentence structure are used.}

3. ^Satisfactory

^3.16 points

^{Occasional mechanical errors are present. Language choice is generally appropriate. Varied sentence structure is attempted.}

2. ^{Less than Satisfactory}

^3 points

^{Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors are present. Inconsistencies in language choice or sentence structure are recurrent.}

1. ^{Unsatisfactory}

^0 points

^{Errors in grammar or syntax are pervasive and impede meaning. Incorrect language choice or sentence structure errors are found throughout. Health Promotion in Minority Populations Discussion Paper}

^{Format/Documentation}

^6 points

^{Criteria Description}

^{Uses appropriate style, such as APA, MLA, etc., for college, subject, and level; documents sources using citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., appropriate to assignment and discipline.}

5. ^Excellent

^6 points

^{No errors in formatting or documentation are present.}

4. ^Good

^5.34 points

^{Appropriate format and documentation are used with only minor errors.}

3. ^Satisfactory

^4.74 points

^{Appropriate format and documentation are used, although there are some obvious errors.}

2. ^{Less than Satisfactory}

^4.5 points

^{Appropriate format is attempted, but some elements are missing. Frequent errors in documentation of sources are evident.}

1. ^{Unsatisfactory}

^0 points

^{Appropriate format is not used. No documentation of sources is provided. Health Promotion in Minority Populations Discussion Paper}

^{Total200 points}

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Describe the ethnic minority group selected. Describe the current health status of this group. How do race and ethnicity influence health for this group?

Ethnicity has been described as a situation where a group of people originating from a specific area share a common culture, language, religion among other key characteristics of a population. The term ethnic minority describes a specific portion of a population in a given country having a different culture, religion, race and color among other characteristics. Ethnic minority maybe identified through various ways and practices including their mode of dressing, hairstyle, language, economic values and beliefs among other features (O’Neal et al., 2017). Most of these characteristics if not all act as risk factors to various diseases and health programs/policies. The Latinos are among the highest minority group in the United States. The Latino population is heterogeneous in nature, implying that it is composed of any person belonging to either Mexican, Cuban, Dominican, South/Central American, Puerto Rican or any other group of Spanish origin (Craig & Richeson, 2018). The life expectancy of the Latinos is significantly higher compared to other ethnic minorities, having recorded a life expectancy of 82.2 years in the year 2018 alone. Despite the high life expectancy, the mortality and morbidly rates are still higher in this population. Among the diseases impacting the high mortality and morbidity include; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV/AIDs, diabetes, asthma, cancer, stroke, liver diseases and cardiovascular diseases (O’Neal et al., 2017). Their specific diet and lifestyle also contributes to their high rates of obesity, unintentional injuries and suicides compared to non-Latinos. Health Promotion in Minority Populations Discussion Paper

What are the health disparities that exist for this group? What are the nutritional challenges for this group?

There are numerous nutritional challenges and health disparities experienced by the latino population. Despite recording low death rates associated with cancer and heart diseases compared to the non-Latinos, the death rate attributed to diabetes and liver disease is fifty percent higher of the total population mortalities. With regards to obesity, research has shown that about 25% of children between the ages of 6 to 11years live with obesity as compared to 13.5% non-Latinos of the same age group living with obesity (O’Neal et al., 2017).

The fact that the latino is a heterogeneous population indicates that their diet originates from diverse origin. The diet is however rich in vegetables, fruits and fiber. The dietary habit patterns of the entire US have however influenced the diet of the minority. According to the recent research, the Latinos have started consuming processed foods and refined drinks and beverages. In comparison to other minority groups, the Latinos are the highest consumers of sugar-sweetened beverages. Health Promotion in Minority Populations Discussion Paper

Discuss the barriers to health for this group resulting from culture, socioeconomics, education, and sociopolitical factors.

The social and economic factors are the major barriers attributed to the health of the Latino population. Inadequate coverage of health insurance is the first barrier. As of the 2018 health coverage report, the Latinos recorded the highest number of uninsured individuals. Eighteen percent of the total population of the Latinos had not gained health coverage compared to a 5.4% of the non-Latinos who had not gained health coverage in the same year. Low income is the second barrier. As compared to all the other population groups of the US, The Latinos are the second lowest income earners (Zavala et al., 2021). The median household income as of the year 2018 was about 51,450$ for the Latinos compared to the non-Latinos who recorded 70,462$ of the same. Further research also indicated that about 17.6% of the Latinos lived below poverty line.

Low level of education is the third health barrier influencing this population. According to the recent research, the latino/Hispanic population has the highest number of high-school non-graduates, of about 35% among the ethnic groups. The population also records the lowest number of people who have acquired a bachelor’s degree (14.5%) among all the ethnic groups (Zamudio et al., 2017). The population also records a significant number of people who are not well conversant with English as a language. Further, the population has been found to have the highest number of individuals who are not literate in matters related to health. Health Promotion in Minority Populations Discussion Paper

What health promotion activities are often practiced by this group?

In the recent days, the official healthcare facilities and institutions are the ones who play a role in health promotion among the Hispanic/Latinos. The US as a country has further developed programs that target the vulnerable populations such as the Latinos. There are also different initiatives that have been setup in different parts of the US with an aim of solving some specific health problems associated with the Latinos. For example, the Juntos por la Salud (JPLS) is an initiative that was developed with an aim of promoting health while preventing diseases among metropolitan cities (O’Neal & Beckman, 2017). The initiative showed its effectiveness after treating about 86830people between the years 2016 to 2018 through its mobile health units. The L.A. Sprouts, is another example that majorly addressed Obesity among the Hispanic youths in Los Angeles.

Describe at least one approach using the three levels of health promotion prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary) that is likely to be the most effective in a care plan given the unique needs of the minority group you have selected. Provide an explanation of why it might be the most effective choice.

The choice of Health promotion approach for Latino/Hispanic population should only be made based on their health problems. Primary promotion should encompass thorough educational programs on smoking and alcoholism, nutrition, HIV/AIDs prevention measures and mental health issues. Through these programs, the rate of problems of suicide, cardiovascular, diabetes, obesity, liver and pulmonary diseases would consequently reduce. These programs would also help to improve the general health literacy levels and dietary habits of the latino population. Health Promotion in Minority Populations Discussion Paper

At the secondary level, providing information on the essentials of preventive screening would be vital. This would be achieved through community health workers in the various centers of community health. The work of these community health workers would be linking people while educating them at low cost services if not for free (Zavala et al., 2021). Providing these measures would help in early screening of cancer, early pregnancy complication detection, as well as helping to provide a timely treatment to all the patients.

The tertiary level involves the authorities working with individuals affected by chr9nic diseases. It is an approach that can be achieved through developing diabetes management programs, cardiac rehabilitation programs and other support groups for obese people, smokers and alcoholics (Craig & Richeson, 2018). Through these programs, many people will be able to self-manage their health problems in the latino population.

What cultural beliefs or practices must be considered when creating a care plan? What cultural theory or model would be best to support culturally competent health promotion for this population? Why?

The cultural beliefs of the Latino/Hispanic population are important aspects of consideration when creating a care plan. There are five different types of traits that affect the attitude to health in the latino population. These traits include familism, machismo, personalismo, fatalism and folk illness. These are the critical factors that should be considered when offering healthcare and prevention programs to the Latino/Hispanic population. The situations where the males are associated with household decisions concerning health issues and diet are created by the familism and machismo (Craig & Richeson, 2018). Patients are prevented from seeking healthcare attention from healthcare professions by the belief that supernatural powers are the causes of diseases and that these diseases can only be cured by traditional healers (Zavala et al., 2021). Furthermore, the Latinos can be reluctant towards seeking healthcare attention due to fatalism that makes them think that there exists no personal control over life. The culture of personalismo which is embraced by healthcare providers needs to further be embraced by the healthcare providers. Health Promotion in Minority Populations Discussion Paper

References

Craig, M. A., & Richeson, J. A. (2018). Hispanic population growth engenders conservative shift

among non-Hispanic racial minorities. Social Psychological and Personality

            Science, 9(4), 383-392. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617712029

O’Neal, E. N., & Beckman, L. O. (2017). Intersections of race, ethnicity, and gender: Reframing

knowledge surrounding barriers to social services among Latina intimate partner violence

victims. Violence against women, 23(5), 643-665.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801216646223

Zamudio, C. D., Sanchez, G., Altschuler, A., & Grant, R. W. (2017). Influence of language and

culture in the primary care of Spanish-speaking Latino adults with poorly controlled

diabetes: a qualitative study. Ethnicity & disease, 27(4), 379.

https://doi:10.18865/ed.27.4.379

Zavala, V. A., Bracci, P. M., Carethers, J. M., Carvajal-Carmona, L., Coggins, N. B., Cruz-

Correa, M. R., … & Fejerman, L. (2021). Cancer health disparities in racial/ethnic

minorities in the United States. British journal of cancer, 124(2), 315-332.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-020-01038-6

Describe the ethnic minority group selected. Describe the current health status of this group. How do race and ethnicity influence health for this group?
What are the health disparities that exist for this group? What are the nutritional challenges for this group?
Discuss the barriers to health for this group resulting from culture, socioeconomics, education, and sociopolitical factors.
What health promotion activities are often practiced by this group?
Describe at least one approach using the three levels of health promotion prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary) that is likely to be the most effective in a care plan given the unique needs of the minority group you have selected. Provide an explanation of why it might be the most effective choice.
What cultural beliefs or practices must be considered when creating a care plan? What cultural theory or model would be best to support culturally competent health promotion for this population? Why? Health Promotion in Minority Populations Discussion Paper