Hypothyroidism Case Study Essay Paper

Hypothyroidism is a most common endocrine disorder, arising due to insufficient production of thyroid hormones, manifesting through an enormous range of metabolic and systemic symptoms (Wilson et al., 2021). The purpose of this paper is to discuss Mrs. K.G., a postpartum 29-year-old lady presenting with classic symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism. Discussion of her case attempts at presenting the clinical presentation, underlying pathophysiology, and treatment approach to how hypothyroidism is managed with levothyroxine. Hypothyroidism Case Study Essay Paper

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Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

Fatigue.

Muscle and joint aches.

Feeling cold all the time.

Weight gain (30 pounds since delivery).

Headaches.

Constipation.

Mental sluggishness and lack of alertness.

Signs of Hypothyroidism

Slow heart rate (bradycardia) – 46 beats/minute.

Swollen hands and puffy face (oedema)Hypothyroidism Case Study Essay Paper.

Dry and flaky skin.

Hoarse voice.

Slow, deliberate speech.

Pathophysiology of Hypothyroidism

The swollen hands and puffy face in hypothyroidism are primarily due to myxoedema, a condition caused by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (mainly hyaluronic acid) in the interstitial tissues. This accumulation leads to water retention and non-pitting oedema, particularly in the skin of the face and hands. The abnormal heart rate, or bradycardia, is associated with the decreased metabolic rate in hypothyroidism (Bereda, 2023)Hypothyroidism Case Study Essay Paper. Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) typically stimulate heart rate and contraction. In hypothyroidism, the lack of these hormones results in a slower heart rate, reduced cardiac output, and decreased responsiveness to catecholamines, all contributing to bradycardia and general cardiovascular sluggishness.

Future Monitoring

The dosing of levothyroxine should be appropriately monitored in a patient receiving the medication. Serum TSH and free T4 should be measured every 6 to 8 weeks after initiation of therapy or any change in dose. If the patient is stable, assessment of TSH may be needed annually (Hughes et al., 2021)Hypothyroidism Case Study Essay Paper. This is important to avoid under replacement or over-replacement, leading to persistence of symptoms of hypothyroidism or the development of symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including palpitations, weight loss, or insomnia. The patient should monitor for recurrence of symptoms and make dose adjustments as guided by clinical and laboratory findings.

Conclusion

To sum it up, Mrs. K.G.’s case highlights the importance of recognizing the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism, especially in postpartum women. Early diagnosis and appropriate levothyroxine treatment lead to significant symptom resolution and improved quality of life. Regular monitoring of thyroid function is essential to ensure effective long-term management. This case underscores the need for healthcare providers to remain vigilant in assessing hypothyroidism, as prompt intervention can prevent further complications Hypothyroidism Case Study Essay Paper.

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References

Bereda, G. (2023). Definition, causes, pathophysiology, and management of hypothyroidism. Mathews Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 7(1), 1-5. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-9601

Hughes, K., & Eastman, C. (2021). Thyroid disease: Long-term management of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Australian Journal of General Practice, 50(1/2), 36–42. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.760821500575613

Wilson, S. A., Stem, L. A., & Bruehlman, R. D. (2021). Hypothyroidism: Diagnosis and treatment. American family physician, 103(10), 605-613 Hypothyroidism Case Study Essay Paper