Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Confidentiality and anonymity must be maintained at all times to protect the identity of the service user, carers, families, healthcare settings and other professionals involved. Any breach of confidentiality will result in an automatic fail.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

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This essay will discuss the importance of needs assessment in nursing practice. In relation to case study 2 about a 68 years old Afro Caribbean retired bus driver male called Carl, who has being married for 45 years with 5 grown up children and 8 grand children. He smokes 20 a day and enjoys nightcap before sleep. His latest vital signs observation are respiratory 20 rpm, blood pressure 168/105, pulse 92bpm, Spo2 95% and BMI 32kg/m2 and he is on statin, betablocker, aspirin, frusemide medication. Currently his wife has notice Carl seems to have forgetfulness, he couldn’t remember his way home from the super market and keep losing items. He is getting frustrated and taking it on his wife and grand children, especially when he cannot read them a story.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

This essay will discuss the importance of needs assessment in nursing practice. It will identify a service users needs base on a scenario and the appropriate assessment tools required for his care. And from the tools identified, one will be prioritised and apply on his condition. Finally the essay will summarise the experience of using the assessment tool and how it will help in future learning.

Patient’s assessment is the collection of data about an individual’s health state that identifies and defines patient problems in order for solutions to be planned and implemented in line with their preferences (Roper el at 2000 p 124). Therefore, a clear idea about health is important because this determines which assessment data should be collected. The world Health Organisation (WHO) (2001) defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Whiles this is a broad definition, it implies that the nursing approach to health care is holistic in nature and therefore health assessments should reflect that philosophy with it focus on the whole person and their context. Nurses are obliged to take in to consideration patient’s physical, emotional, spiritual, social and intellectual needs when making an assessment (Department of Health 2004). `Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Therefore, when nurses are conducting health assessment on a person it may requires acknowledgement of techniques of collecting and analysing subjective data which is what the person says about them self’s during history taking. And objectives data which is what nurses observe by inspecting, percussion, palpating, and auscultation during physical examination (Department of Health 2003). Potter and Berry (2005) argue that if inaccurate, incomplete or inappropriate data is recorded then the overall care of the patient may be affected, including wrong diagnosis and even wrong treatment. NMC (2002), code of professional conduct, urged all nurses to work in a professional manner and abide by the policies set out by the trust they work in. it suggest that the recording or documentation of information is essential and any deviation could lead to potential consequences for the individual if their standards are not met. The purpose of health assessment is to make judgement or diagnosis because all health treatments and decisions are based on the data gathered during assessment; it is paramount that the assessment is factual and complete, providing the foundation for clinical decision making (RCN, 2007). This gathered information provides a comprehensive description of the patient. It focuses on the patient’s needs at that moment in time and possible needs that may need to be addressed in the future (NMC, 2007). It’s a fair and accurate account of the individual and their life. Overall assessment is a way of delving deeper into a patient’s illness and preventing more problems from arising.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

In relation to case study 2 about a 68 years old Afro Caribbean retired bus driver male called Carl, who has being married for 45 years with 5 grown up children and 8 grand children. He smokes 20 a day and enjoys nightcap before sleep. His latest vital signs observation are respiratory 20 rpm, blood pressure 168/105, pulse 92bpm, Spo2 95% and BMI 32kg/m2 and he is on statin, betablocker, aspirin, frusemide medication. Currently his wife has notice Carl seems to have forgetfulness, he couldn’t remember his way home from the super market and keep losing items. He is getting frustrated and taking it on his wife and grand children, especially when he cannot read them a story.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Newson (2001) suggests that, for a process to commence a model of assessment is utilised and this model needs to be holistic in all aspects of patients needs. Therefore proper attention needs to be paid to the biological, psychological and social situations of the patient. It is important that the health assessment includes a thorough examination of the patient’s ‘activities of daily living’ (Department of Health, 2002) .The twelve activities of daily living (ADL) are communication, safe environment, breathing, eating and drinking, elimination, washing and dressing, temperature, death and dying, mobility, working and playing, sexuality and sleep (Roper, Logan and Tierney model 1985). Although, the Roper Logan Tierney model has being criticized for the use of activities of living as a simple checklist and emphasis only on the physical aspect of patient care( Reed and Robins 1991). This contrasts with Newton (1991) who suggests that the description of the Roper Logan Tierney model (1985) have been varied over the years and describe the model as a system model. Also Pearson (1983) describes it as a systems/development-based model incorporating certain concepts of Dorothy Orem’s model and the conceptual framework of Henderson’s model (Henderson, 1969). It is important to remember that all ADLs about our individual life activities are interlink and when one or more activities is affected due to illness then most of the activities can become compromised. (REF)Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

After a thorough nursing assessment, the ADLs that are appropriate to meet Carl’s needs are communication breathing, eating and drinking, elimination, safe environment, mobility, working and playing. Communication is essential for building nurse – patient relationship (Robinson, 2002). For Carl due to his state of forgetfulness, memory loos, out of character behaviour and frustration especially when he cannot read for his grand children, he may need referral to see opticians for eye check, and the MMSE tool can be use to assess his state of dementia.

Breathing is the first sign every health professional look for during patient assessment. Being able to breathe normally ensures that we can attempt other activities without any difficulties for example running. For Carl his breathing can be affected by smoking for 20 pack years as well as his higher BMI can cause shortness of breath. Referral to the NHS stop smoking service or radiographs for chest x-ray to check for infection will be essential. Also regular vital signs check up and the use of the peak flow meter for checking oxygen level in the lungs or nebuliser will help.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Ensuring adequate hydration and nutrition is essential if health is to be maintained and in Carl’s case he has a higher BMI and he is in a state of confusion. There is a difference between dying from nutrition and dying with nutrition. And in Carl’s case he is dying with nutrition as being over nourished with higher cholesterol level. Fanning H, (2003) suggests that Dehydration as well as UTI can contribute to his state of confusion. Both the (MUST) tool and the (MMSE) tool for assessment of possible dementia can be used (NICE 2012). Referrals can be made by nurses for Carl to see the dietician and also physiotherapist for physical exercise regime and dipstick for UTI.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Elimination is very important, and in Carl’s situation review of his medications will be important since some may cause constipation or frequent urination e.g. furosemide. Higher BMI as a result of being Obese as well as chronic chest problems and constipation can cause urinary incontinent (Kamm, MA1998). Also In male, disease of the prostate may lead to the obstruction of the flow of urine (Abrams el at 2002). The Bristol stool chart can be use to assess constipation, the dipstick tool can also be used to check for infection or UTIs and the fluid balance chart can be use to assess for dehydration by checking input over output.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Mobility can be a problem since Carl has a history of forgetfulness and the need to urinate frequently. Fear of not being able to find his way home, been incontinence in public and even fear of falling in a new environment may but him off from mobilising. Human assistance will be needed as well as the assessment of risk of fall. Carl may need assessment on Working and playing since he is retired, have memory impairment and get upset when he cannot read for his grand children. Socialisation seems impossible for him now due to his condition. Referral to psychologists for self worth exercise and also going to day centres to meet other people will help.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

According to the RCN (2004), nurses will always need an assessment tool to guide their daily nursing practice in terms of their professional accountability and responsibility. For any tool to be effective it must be integrated into daily activity – as a standalone initiative it is unlikely to have a significant impact.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

In Carl’s condition the as human beings the capacity to sustain life is dependent on our ability to address biological needs including breathing, maintaining blood flow to all our major organs, eating and drinking, elimination waste, protecting ourselfes from injury or disease, exerciseing and resting. All these activities can be monitored through nursing observations of patient in our care, enabling us to decide whether any intervention is necessary to help them maintain their vital functions. In order to make accurate observations we need to learn the correct techniques and how to use relevant equipment. To appreciate the significance of the observations, we need a good understanding of relevant anatomy and physiology, and how to distinguish normal from abnormal functioning. We then have to decide whether our observation require further action, which might include double checking results, increasing the frequency of observations, reporting changes to the clinical managers,Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Universal Screening Tool (MUST) will be appropriate for his health. The reason being that, been over weight or having a higher BMIcontribute to a whole range of health problems such as heart conditions, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, stroke, sleep apnoea, cancer, gallstone, weak pelvic muscles and osteoarthritis (Department of Health, 2004). Heart disease for instance, is one of the most widespread main health risks of being overweight. Being overweight increases the probability of heart malfunction and blood circulation problems and may result in congestive heart failure (Miller el at 2006). He continued that, losing weight in this situation may not only avoid the above-mentioned ailments but as well assist normalize blood pressure, cholesterol levels and triglyceride and diminish inflammation in the body.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

According to Elia, (2003) MUST is a screening tool that has been devised for application to all adult patients across all health care settings. Malnutrition adversely affects physical and psychological function (Elisa, 2000; Stratton et al. 2003b) and impairs patients’ recovery from disease and injury, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality.

BMI (body mass index) is an easy, inexpensive method of predicting the percentage of your body weight that is due to fat mass. BMI is found by dividing your weight (in lbs.) by your height squared (in inches) and then multiplying by 703. In adults, a BMI below 18.5 is considered underweight, 18.6 to 24.9 is considered healthy, 25.0 to 29.9 is considered overweight and above 30.0 is considered obese.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Respiratory function has been studied extensively in relation to BMI. For those with lung diseases, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, and interstitial and vascular lung diseases, respiratory function is moderately to severely compromised. This compromise can be exacerbated by being overweight or having a BMI over 25.0. However, even in those with normal airway function, high BMI can impair respiratory function.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Obesity and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases include emphysema, chronic bronchitis and asthma. COPD causes a decrease in elastic recoil of the lungs so that excess air becomes trapped in the chest. This stretches the muscles involved in respiration and compromises their function. The respiratory muscles must then work harder even at rest, increasing oxygen demand on an already taxed respiratory system.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

At a certain point during physical activity, COPD patients reach a level when increased effort does not further increase the amount of air that they can expire. Having a high BMI means having more weight for your muscles to support during mobility. Thus, if you have COPD, the level at which increased effort no longer provides an increase in expiration comes much faster since you are working harder to support your own weight. In addition, having a high BMI means having more weight on the chest for the respiratory muscles to work against.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

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Underweight and COPD

Although a high BMI can further impair respiration in those with COPD, once COPD progresses to a severe level, weight loss becomes problematic. Because of lower oxygen levels in the blood, blood becomes shunted from the abdomen into the heart and lungs. This causes malnutrition because the gut is not getting enough blood flow to properly digest foods. Additionally, severe impairment of the lungs causes the respiratory muscles to work so much harder that metabolism greatly increases, even at rest. Typically, severe COPD patients who are underweight have a worse prognosis than those who are overweight because they are essentially starving.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

High BMI in Healthy Individuals

According to a 2005 study by Jones et. al., high BMI can severely impact respiratory function even in non-diseased individuals. The study found that both Functional Residual Capacity–the volume of air in your lungs after passive exhalation–and Expiratory Reserve Volume–the volume of air you can expire after passively exhaling—decreased exponentially as BMI increased. Subjects who were morbidly obese were actually breathing close to their Residual Volumes–the amount of air in your lungs after forced exhalation. Another 2005 study by Medarov et. al. Supports Jones’ findings and also found that Total Lung Capacity—the maximum amount of air you can inhale–decreased with increasing BMI.

According to the American College of Sports Medicine, being overweight has mechanical effects on respiration, due to increased weight on the chest wall and diaphragm. Being overweight also causes an increase in energy use at the same workload compared to a leaner person, so the respiratory muscles fatigue at lower intensities in heavier people. These effects may contribute to the decreases in Functional Residual Capacity, Expiratory Reserve Volume and Total Lung Capacity.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Lung Diseases Caused by Obesity

There are two types of lung disease for which obesity is a primary cause. The first is Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome, also known as Pickwickian Syndrome. Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome involves chronic hypoxemia—too little oxygen in the blood—and hypercapnia—too much carbon dioxide in the blood. The second lung disease obesity can cause is Obstructive Sleep Apnea. This disease involves periodic airway collapse and increased airway resistance during sleep. As both of these diseases progress, pulmonary hypertension may occur and eventually cause cor pulmonale–failure of the right side of the heart.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Domino Effect

Because high BMI decreases lung function in both diseased and healthy individuals, an unfortunate domino effect often occurs. Since being overweight makes it harder to breathe, those with respiratory problems may become less physically active. Decreased physical activity causes your muscles, including your respiratory muscles, to weaken and break down, which in turn makes breathing even more difficult. A downward spiral begins, in which inactivity begets further respiratory problems and respiratory problems beget more inactivity

Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/84685-bmi-respiratory-function/#ixzz2I54s1yvb

The Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity

Dr Jeremy Sims MB BS MSc MRCGP FRIPH FRSH PGDipHI DipN&H MRNT

Obesity isn’t just a cosmetic problem; it’s very much a health problem as well. You may be reading this today because you are, or have been, very unhappy about your physical appearance.

However, losing weight isn’t just about looking good, it is about feeling good; it’s about being healthy and living a productive and comfortable life. Above all, it is about avoiding the terrible health consequences of carrying around excessive weight.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

The growing evidence shows that if you are overweight you are more likely to develop health problems, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, certain types ofcancer, gout (joint pain caused by excess uric acid), and gallbladder disease. Being overweight can also cause problems such as sleep apnoea (interrupted breathing during sleep) and osteoarthritis (wearing away of the joints); and the more overweight you are, the more likely you are to have these health problems.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

In comparison, healthy and steady Weight Loss can help improve the harmful effects of being overweight. The latest studies show that by losing as little as 10 to 20 pounds you can dramatically improve your overall health status, whilst significantly diminishing your risk of disease.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

The Risks To Your Health

Heart Disease and Stroke

Heart disease and stroke are the leading causes of death and disability for both men and women in the Western World. Overweight people are more likely to have high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, than people who are not overweight. Very high blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (blood fats) can also lead to heart disease and often are linked to obesity. Being overweight also contributes to angina (chest pain caused by decreased oxygen to the heart) and sudden death from heart disease or stroke without any signs or symptoms.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

The good news is that losing a small amount of weight can reduce your chances of developing heart disease or a stroke. See dietitian, Juliette Kellow’s Healthy Heart Diet feature.

Reducing your weight by 10 percent can decrease your risk of developing heart disease by improving how your heart works, reducing your blood pressure, and reducing the levels of blood cholesterol and triglycerides.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Diabetes

Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) is the most common type of diabetes in the Western World. Type 2 diabetes reduces your body’s ability to control blood sugar. It is a major cause of early death, heart disease, kidney disease, stroke, and blindness.

Statistically, overweight people are twice as likely to develop type 2 diabetes as people who are not overweight.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

You can reduce your risk of developing this type of diabetes by both losing weight and by increasing your physical activity.

Furthermore, if you have type 2 diabetes, losing weight and becoming more physically active can help control your blood sugar levels. If you use medicine to control your blood sugar, Weight Loss and physical activity may make it possible for your family doctor to decrease the amount of medication you need

Mohammed, MA (2009) Improving accuracy and efficiency of early warning scores in acute care. British Journal of Nursing. 18(1) 18-24

This article is a report on an experimental study to compare the effectiveness of hand held early warning computer system with the traditional pen and paper method

Article 2.

Johnstone C, Rattray J and Myers L (2007) Physiological risk factors, early warning systems. British Association of Critical Care Nursing. 12(5) 220-231

This article is a general article that provides background information on the topic of why early warning systems can improve patient care

Article 3.

Hughes LL (2009) Implementing a patient assessment framework in acute care Nursing Standard 24(3) 35-39

This article describes a service improvement initiative to improve patient assessment using an early warning score system over a4 month period at a Hospital in Birmingham

Artcicle 6

Wheatley I (2006) The nurses practice of taking level 1 patient observations. Intensive Critical Care Nurse 22(2) 115-21

This was a survey conducted to discover the nurses practices of taking clinical observations in acute settings. It uses an observation data collecting tool (words 470)

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Weight-control Information Network.” Do You Know The Health Risks Of Being Overweight?. Nov. 2004. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. 23 Oct 2006

“Diabetes Statistics.” Total Prevalence of Diabetes & Pre-diabetes. 2005. American Diabetes Association. 23 Oct 2006

“The Nutrition Source.” Healthy Weight. 2006. Harvard School of Public Health. 25 Oct 2006

Obesity causes many of the most common diseases in the world. Being overweight can cause insulin resistance, which leads to Type II Diabetes. A diet high in fat and lack of exercise causes cardiovascular disease and congestive heart failure. Excess weight can cause sleep apnea and respiratory illnesses. Many top scientists believe the increase of average weight directly corresponds to the increase of cancer cases, including kidney, breast, colon and prostate cancers.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Read more: Effects of Being Overweight | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_4596213_effects-being-overweight.html#ixzz2I57jKX6t

Advances in the recording of vital signs make it possible for nurses to monitor patients continuously, be it their heart function, arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure or oxygen saturations. The recordings generated by this equipment must be interpreted according to the patient and in conjunction with other observations. The concern is that nurses may become too reliant on using technology to carry out assessment. Burman et al (2002) describe how staff who are used to equipment can feel insecure assessing patients without this equipment to validate their findings.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Within the competencies are skills such as venepuncture, cannulation, arterial blood gases (obtaining and analysing), and recording and obtaining ECGs. Docherty (2003) identifies the recording and interpretation of the 12-lead ECG as being pivotal in the assessment and management of patients who are experiencing chest pain. This is further supported by Harvey (2004) who discusses the assessment and management of patients suffering from angina. However, it is further complemented by accurate physical assessment of the patient.

‘Basic’ is a term that is frequently used to describe blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate and temperature. However, I would argue that this undervalues these observations. Breakell (2004) identifies respiratory rate as ‘one of the most important signs and yet one of the most frequently omitted clinical observations’. Carberry (2002) also found this to be a problem in clinical practice.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

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The objective of observation is to monitor patients’ progress, thus ensuring the prompt detection of adverse events or delays in recovery (Stevenson, 2004). Respiratory rate is pivotal to assessment. Many scoring systems incorporate respiratory rate, such as:Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

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– APACHE – Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Score;

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– SIRS – Systemic Inflammatory Response Score;

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Assessment tools

Neiderhauser and Arnold (2004) identify the importance of assessing the health risk status of patients, and the indications for intervention. A wide variety of assessment tools are in use to facilitate assessment and ensure the reliability of the process.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

For example the EWAS/MEWS tool can be use to check vital signs and avoid patient’s deterioration. EWAS is use for the assessment of unwell hospital patients, using 5 simple physiological parameters, mental response, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and temperature.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

It scoring system can be calculated at the patient’s bedside, using a simple and inexpensive equipment to measure any parameters. Of all the parameters respiratory rate is said to be the most sensitive indicatory of a patient’s physiological well being. Breakell (2004) identifies respiratory rate as ‘one of the most important signs and yet one of the most frequently omitted clinical observations’. Carberry (2002) also found this to be a problem in clinical practice. This is logical because respiratory rate reflects not only respiratory

function as in hypoxia or hypercapnia, but cardiovascular statusas in pulmonary oedema, and metabolic imbalance such as that seen in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)( REF).Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Department of Health (1999b) Making a Difference:

Strengthening the Contribution of Nurses, Midwives and

Health Visitors. DH, London

the health problems that stem from being overweight go way beyond the ones we usually hear about, like diabetes and heart disease. Being overweight can also affect a person’s joints, breathing, sleep, mood, and energy levels. So being overweight can impact a person’s entire quality of life.

Dangers of being Overweight

Some of the dangers of being overweight include developing:

High Blood Pressure: When you have excess body fat, your body retains sodium. When your body retains sodium, blood volume increases and blood pressure rises. High blood pressure causes your heart to work harder, which is dangerous for the heart.

Diabetes: Obesity is the leading cause of type 2 diabetes. Excess fat makes your body resistant to insulin. When your body is resistant to insulin, your cells can’t get the energy they need.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Stroke

Abnormal blood fats: A diet high in saturated fats increases the level of LDL (bad) cholesterol.

Osteoarthritis: Excess weight adds pressure to joints and wears away at the cartilage that protects them.

Sleep apnea: The more overweight a person is, the greater more severe the sleep apnea will be.

Cancer: Men and women who are overweight have a higher risk of developing many different kinds of cancer.

Gallstones: Gallstones are more common in people who are overweight. The connection between gallstones and weight is unclear.

Weak Pelvic Muscles

Physical Discomfort: As fat accumulates, it crowds the space occupied by yourorgans. People who are overweight may have difficulty breathing, walking or sitting.

Heart disease is 1 of the most widespread main health risks of being overweight. Being overweight to a great extent increases the probability of heart malfunction and blood circulation problems and may result in congestive heart failure, heart attack, angina (chest pains), abrupt cardiac arrest or unequal heartbeat. Weight loss in this situation may not only avoid the above-mentioned ailments but as well assist normalize blood pressure, cholesterol levels and triglyceride and diminish inflammation in the body.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Cancer is one of the foremost causes of death in the United States, and is frequently a result from fat cells that affect cell growth and multiply beyond capacity. Colon, esophagus, and the kidney are the most affected regions of the body. Being obese has also contributed to uterine as well as postmenopausal breast cancer in females.

Sleep apnea, Osteoarthritis plus other Health Difficulties

In sleep apnea the sufferer experiences short lapses of breaths during nighttime. This in turn makes the person tired right through the day, making it hard for him to concentrate on work. In some cases, heart failure has also been noted in patients suffering from this ailment. The lapse of breath happens due to the increased size of the cells of the neck, obstructing the windpipe at certain intervals. Dropping weight may decrease the size of the neck and diminish the pressure on the windpipe and make breathing easy.

Osteoarthritis is another health risk of being overweight. In this particular ailment, the joint bone and the tissue that protects joints (cartilage), wear away. The joint bone of numerous parts of the body like the hip, knees, plus lower back are the main targets of Osteoarthritis. Being overweight places a lot of heaviness on the joints, which might lead to this condition in the long run. Dropping weight will let down the body fat and lessen the aches and pains.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Excess fat accumulates in the liver cells and causes the organ to inflate, leading to injuries. This results in Fatty Liver diseases. This disease can lead to severe liver injury, built-up of scar tissue that blocks the proper blood flow to the liver (cirrhosis), and complete liver breakdown. It is relatively similar to alcoholic liver damage but does not inevitably mean that it cannot affect those who do not consume alcohol.

Taking communication for instance, it is essential for building nurse – patient relationship (Robinson 2002). It is important, for example for nurses to know during assessment whether a patient can hear, understands the language in which a question is being asked or can answer by speaking or sing language. And if they cannot hear, do they wear hearing aids, if so in which ear. Language barrier can be a major problem during assessment, but interpreters, family and friends can contribute and help. However, very often accurate information will not be given, preventing full assessment of patients needs. The use of braill and flashy lights is also important during assessment for patients who are blind or deaf.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Newton (1991) suggests that descriptions of the Roper, Logan and Tierney model (1985) have been varied over the years. The model has been described as a system model (Aggleton & Chalmers, 1987), as a model that incorporates multiple theories (Thibodeau, 1983) and as an ‘activities of living’ model based on human needs (McFarlane, 1980). Farmer (1986) has described it as having a functional approach. Pearson (1983) describes it as a systems/development-based model incorporating certain concepts of Dorothy Orem’s model and the conceptual framework of Henderson’s model (Henderson, 1969).

It seems fair to suggest that the Roper, Logan and Tierney model has had criticism over time. Indeed, the model has been criticized for the use of the activities of living as a simple checklist (Reed & Robbins 1991), the emphasis on solely the physical aspects of patient care (Minshull et al 1986, Walsh 1989), and the simplicity of the model (Walsh 1991). Bellman (1996) suggests that the first two problems indicate an inappropriate introduction and implementation of the model in practice.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

We have done nursing assessment and for Carl the ADLs that are appropriate to meet his needs are.

Newson suggests that for the process to commence a model of assessment is utilised. This model needs to be holistic in all aspects of the patients needs. Therefore attention needs to be paid to the biological, psychological and social situations of the patient. Roper Logan Tierney’s twelve activities of daily living is one of the more common models that are used by healthcare professionals

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Overall the nurse must work in a professional manner and abide by the policies set out by the trust, NMC (2002) code of professional conduct and government legislation. It also suggests that the recording of information is essential and could lead to potential consequences for the individual if their standards are not met. Potter and Berry (2005) argue that if inaccurate, incomplete or inappropriate data is recorded then the overall care of the patient may be affected, including wrong diagnosis and even wrong treatment.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

As found in the work of Barrett et al assessment is a procedure in which the nurse will need to gather information from questions that are asked during the assessment process and on-going observations. This gathered information provides a comprehensive description of the patient. It focuses on the patient’s needs at that moment in time and possible needs that may need to be addressed in the future. It’s a fair and accurate account of the individual and their life. Overall it’s a way of delving deeper into a patient’s illness and preventing more problems from arising.

The gathering of information for the assessment can pose problems if the patient is suffering from an injury or illness which can affect their speech. Thus meaning that the process is delayed and any time constrictions which are laid down during the assessment process are affected. To resolve this problem nurses use past medical history to complete the assessment. Although this may mean that this information is not up to date as the patient’s needs may have differed from the last time they used medical services.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

examine how needs assessment relates to satisfaction and quality of life

Current policy in health and social care emphasizes the importance of comprehensive assessment of people’s needs in order to adequately determine and deliver the most appropriate care and services

The primary duty of every nurse is the assessment of a patient’s physical and emotional well-being. This basic-skill learned in the very first nursing class is the one skill and primary duty the nurse will use every day with his and/or her patients. A complete assessment will quickly alert the nurse to the patient’s current state of health, i.e. positive or negative the findings. It is this assessment upon which he and/or she will base there ‘premises’ i.e. care-giving over the next moments during any day or evening shift. “…thinking directed towards reaching a conclusion. The reasons from which it begins are called ‘premises’; what they lead to and support is called the ‘conclusion’…” 1

Assessment is the first stage of the nursing process in which the nurse carries out a complete and holistic nursing assessment of every patient’s needs, regardless of the reason for the encounter. Usually, an assessment framework, based on a nursing modelis used.

The purpose of this stage is to identify the patient’s nursing problems. These problems are expressed as either actual or potential. For example, a patient who has been rendered immobile by a road traffic accident may be assessed as having the “potential for impaired skin integrity related to immobility”Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Assessment is the first part of the nursing process, and thus forms the basis of the care plan. The essential requirement of accurate assessment is to view patients holistically and thus identify their real needs.

ursing assessment,

an identification by a nurse of the needs, preferences, and abilities of a patient. Assessment includes an interview with and observation of a patient by the nurse and considers the symptoms and signs of the condition, the patient’s verbal and nonverbal communication, the patient’s medical and social history, and any other information available. Among the physical aspects assessed are vital signs, skin color and condition, motor and sensory nerve function, nutrition, rest, sleep, activity, elimination, and consciousness. Among the social and emotional factors included in assessment are religion, occupation, attitude toward hospital and health care, mood, emotional tone, and family ties and responsibilities. Assessment is extremely important because it provides the scientific basis for a complete nursing care plan.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Mosby’s Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. © 2009, Elsevier.

According to the RCN (2004), nurses will always need an assessment tool to guide their daily nursing practice in terms of their professional accountability and responsibility. For any tool to be effective it must be integrated into daily activity – as a standalone initiative it is unlikely to have a significant impact.

Increasing amounts of paperwork are a significant concern for nurses and any tool needed to reduce this rather than increase it. Nurses now collectively spend more than one million hours each week on paperwork (RCN, 2008). A survey of 1,700 nurses, reported at the RCN 2008 conference, showed they feel this is undermining their ability to spend time supporting and caring for patients and relatives.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Bryant-Lukosius, D (2004). Conducting a Needs Assessment. McMaster University. Unpublised postdoctoral presentation.

The admission assessment is the fundamental baseline assessment which begins the nursing process

of assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation. This assessment is a critical

first step in the patient’s care and serves as the first complete introduction the nurse has to the

patient. During this process, the nurse assesses the patient from head to toe and establishes a baseline

assessment. This baseline provides a point of reference for other nurses to compare against to see if

the patient’s condition is improving or declining. The admission assessment also points out problem

areas to the nurse, which allows him or her to write a care plan that will guide the nursing staff in

their care of the patient.

For example, a patient may be admitted with pneumonia, but during the assessment the nurse notes

that the patient has experienced significant weight loss and is at risk for skin breakdown because she

has poor skin turgor, and is immobile and incontinent. The nurse would write a care plan on the

pneumonia as it relates to the patient’s altered breathing status and appropriate nursing interventions. Additionally, the nurse could write a care plan on the patient’s risk for skin breakdown and

nursing interventions to reduce the patient’s risk for developing a decubitus ulcer. The nurse could

also make a referral to the dietitian to help with the patient’s nutritional status.

In the spring of 2005, this important first step in a patient’s care was found to be lacking i

Many obstacles exist to assessing patient or caregiver needs including: lack of clarity on best practices in initially identifying needs; determining possible levels of performance on each need; measuring the importance of needs and employing needs assessment data in design; and improvement and evaluation efforts. We will first examine how needs assessment relates to satisfaction and quality of life, and point out the complex relationships among needs themselves. Next we will review existing cancer needs assessments and comment on their strengths and weaknesses. Then we will make recommendations for future research in this field. Because we believe cancer is a family disease with ramifications far beyond the patient, we propose that needs assessment should focus on both patients and family caregivers. We will examine needs assessment instruments that address both patients and families.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Relationships among and between needs, satisfaction and quality of life

In developing needs assessments, it is important to understand how needs relate to each other, as well as how those interrelationships affect satisfaction and quality of life. This section will examine those relationships and how they are influenced by various applications such as programs to improve cancer care.

Some needs are more proximally related to quality of life (or satisfaction) than others. Figure 1portrays one such relationship. Here, a patient’s need to understand prognosis may raise anxiety (a key aspect of emotional health status), thus having a direct effect on quality of life. Another need, that of avoiding the guilt of bothering a busy MD, may have a small but direct effect on quality of life, because the guilt may raise anxiety. However, that need to avoid guilt may have a much stronger influence on the ability to meet a more proximal need (the ability to obtain a clear understanding of prognosis). The end result is that not bothering the MD (in order to avoid guilt), despite the need to understand one’s prognosis, may further raise patient anxiety and substantially impact quality of life.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.

Figure 1. Possible proximal relationship between needs and quality of life

tting these relationships together (as shown in Figure 3) leads to a more complex model than the one initially proposed, but one that offers much more insight into how to best intervene to improve quality of life. Depending on the proximity and the strength of these relationships, one might conclude that obtaining an honest and understandable prognosis is more important to improving quality of life than bothering an physician. If a means other than interaction with physician were available (possibly through selective use of information technology), one would not need to worry about training patients in the appropriateness and methods of assertiveness in order to feel less guilt.Importance Of Needs Assessment In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay.