Medication Treatment Of Schizophrenia And Psychosis Disorders Assignment

Psychosis and schizophrenia greatly impact the brain’s normal processes, which interfere with the ability to think clearly. When symptoms of these disorders are uncontrolled, patients may struggle to function in daily life. However, patients often thrive when properly diagnosed and treated under the close supervision of a psychiatric mental health practitioner. For this Assignment, you will develop a study guide for an assigned psychotropic agent for treating patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders. You will share your study guide with your colleagues. In sum, these study guides will be a powerful tool in preparing for your course and PMHNP certification exam.

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To prepare for this Assignment: Medication Treatment Of Schizophrenia And Psychosis Disorders Assignment
Review this week’s Learning Resources, including the Medication Resources indicated for this week.
Reflect on the psychopharmacologic treatments you might recommend for treatment of patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders.
Research your assigned psychotropic medication agent using the Walden Library. Then, develop an organizational scheme for the important information about the medication.
Review Learning Resource: Utah State University. (n.d.). Creating study guides. https://www.usu.edu/academic-support/test/creating_study_guides
The Assignment Medication Treatment Of Schizophrenia And Psychosis Disorders Assignment
Create a study guide for your assigned psychotropic medication agents. Your study guide should be in the form of an outline with references, and you should incorporate visual elements such as concept maps, charts, diagrams, images, color coding, mnemonics, and/or flashcards. Be creative! It should not be in the format of an APA paper. Your guide should be informed by the FDA-approved and Evidenced-Based, Clinical Practice Guidelines Research but also supported by at least three other scholarly resources.

Areas of importance you should address, but are not limited to, are:

Title page
Description of the Psychopharmacological medication agent including brand and generic names and appropriate FDA indication uses
Any supporting, valid and reliable research for non-FDA uses
Drug classification
The medication mechanism of action
The medication pharmacokinetics
The medication pharmacodynamics
Mechanism of Action
Appropriate dosing, administration route, and any considerations for dosing alterations
Considerations of use and dosing in specific specialty populations to consider children, adolescents, elderly, pregnancy, suicidal behaviors, etc.
Definition of Half-life, why half-life is important, and the half-life for your assigned medication
Side effects/adverse reaction potentials
Contraindications for use including significant drug to drug interactions
Overdose Considerations
Diagnostics and labs monitoring
Comorbidities considerations
Legal and ethical considerations
Pertinent patient education considerations
Reference Page Medication Treatment Of Schizophrenia And Psychosis Disorders Assignment
amisulpride
aripiprazole
asenapine
brexpiprazole
cariprazine
chlorpromazine
clozapine
flupenthixol
fluphenazine
haloperidol
iloperidone
loxapine
lumateperone
lurasidone
olanzapine
paliperidone
perphenazine
pimavanserin
quetiapine
risperidone
sulpiride
thioridazine
thiothixene
trifluoperazine
ziprasidone

Olanzapine

Olanzapine is classified under the atypical antipsychotic drugs used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It is structurally similar to clozapine but classified as thienobenzodiazepine. It is a second-generation serotonin dopamine antagonist (Citrome et al., 2019)Medication Treatment Of Schizophrenia And Psychosis Disorders Assignment. Other drugs under this classification are clozapine and risperidone. It is similar pharmacologically and structurally to the antipsychotic clozapine. The trade name of olanzapine is Zyprexa.

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FDA Approved Uses

1. Treatment of schizophrenia in adults with an oral medication dosage of 5-10mg daily.
2. Treatment of schizophrenia in adolescents with an oral medication dosage of 5-5mg daily.
3. Treatment of mixed episodes or mania in adults with an oral dosage of 10 /15mg daily.
4. Treatment of mixed episodes or mania in adolescents with an oral dosage of 2.5 to 5 mg daily.
5. It is used in combination with fluoxetine in the treatment of depression in adults, children, and adolescents.

Non-FDA Approved Uses

Used in treating autism and effectively initiating weight gain in anorexia nervosa patients.

Mechanisms of Actions

Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but its antipsychotic effects may be related to the blockade of dopamine, histamine, serotonin, alpha-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors (Citrome et al., 2019)Medication Treatment Of Schizophrenia And Psychosis Disorders Assignment. The typical antipsychotics act by strongly blocking the dopamine receptors. In contrast, olanzapine blocks serotonin receptors more strongly than dopamine ones (Yagoda et al., 2020). The negative symptoms of schizophrenia result from the blockage of serotonin receptors.

Pharmacokinetics

It is well absorbed after oral administration; its absorption is not affected by food. Its plasma levels are highest after 5 hours of administration. The plasma levels are directly related to its therapeutic effects. The antipsychotic effect commences one to two weeks after treatment. It has a half-life of 30 hours (Huang et al., 2020). It is metabolized by cytochrome p450 in the liver to its inactive metabolites.

 Pharmacodynamics

Olanzapine binds with high affinity to serotonin, dopamine, histamine, and adrenergic alpha 1 receptors (Zubiaur et al., 2021)Medication Treatment Of Schizophrenia And Psychosis Disorders Assignment. It is an antagonist with biding with moderate affinity to serotonin and muscarinic receptors. It binds weakly to GABA.

Dosage and Administration

Olanzapine medication is available in tablet formulations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10,15,  and 20mg. Olanzapine is effective in treating schizophrenia with a dosage of 7.5 to 20mg administered orally once daily. An initial dose of 5 to 10mg once daily is well tolerated in adult patients, which is adjusted to 20mg daily. A  maintenance dose of 10 to 20 mg daily prevents psychotic relapses in stabilized patients.

There is no risk of using olanzapine during pregnancy. It has no risk of fetal malformation and congenital complications except for lower birth weight in exposed groups.

Half-life

Half-life is the time taken for the administered drug to be reduced to half of its concentration in the body. The drug half-life matter since a short half-life indicates withdrawal matters while a long half-life means little withdrawal problems. Olanzapine has a half-life of 21 to 54 hours ( average 30 hours).

Side Effects

1. It results in increased mortality in patients with dementia. The drug has resulted in increased mortality in patients with psychosis related to dementia.
2. Weight gain
3. Hyperlipidemia
4. Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus
5. Somnolence, dry mouth, dizziness, dyspepsia, and dizziness Medication Treatment Of Schizophrenia And Psychosis Disorders Assignment.

Contraindications

Dementia, unknown hypersensitivity

Overdose Considerations

Overdose symptoms include somnolence, blurry vision, respiratory depression, or low blood pressure.

Diagnostics and Lab Monitoring

Patients should have regular blood sugar assessments. Close monitoring of low-density lipoproteins and triacylglycerides is recommended in obese and hypertensive patients.

Comorbidities Consideration

Olanzapine should be avoided in patients with breast cancer, diabetes, high cholesterol, dehydration, or overweight.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

The use of olanzapine in treating psychosis related to dementia is controversial. It causes harm, and evidence-based guidelines warn against its use (Li et al., 2020). However, the medication reduces stress while shortening life expectancy.

Patient Education Considerations

The patients should be encouraged to take the medication at the same time of the day every day. They should be advised to follow the prescriptions carefully. They should be encouraged to report to the physician in case of any adverse effects such as somnolence, blurry vision, and weight gain Medication Treatment Of Schizophrenia And Psychosis Disorders Assignment.

References

Citrome, L., McEvoy, J. P., Todtenkopf, M. S., McDonnell, D., & Weiden, P. J. (2019). <p>A commentary on the efficacy of olanzapine for the treatment of schizophrenia: The past, present, and future</p>. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 15, 2559-2569. https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s209284

Huang, J., Hei, G., Yang, Y., Liu, C., Xiao, J., Long, Y., Peng, X., Yang, Y., Zhao, J., & Wu, R. (2020). Corrigendum: Increased appetite plays a key role in olanzapine-induced weight gain in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00878

Li, R., Zhang, Y., Zhu, W., Ding, C., Dai, W., Su, X., Dai, W., Xiao, J., Xing, Z., & Huang, X. (2020). Effects of olanzapine treatment on lipid profiles in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73983-4

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Yagoda, S., Graham, C., Simmons, A., Arevalo, C., Jiang, Y., & McDonnell, D. (2020). Long-term safety and durability of effect with a combination of olanzapine and samidorphan in patients with schizophrenia: Results from a 1-year open-label extension study. CNS Spectrums, 26(4), 383-392. https://doi.org/10.1017/s109285292000137

Zubiaur, P., Soria-Chacartegui, P., Villapalos-García, G., Gordillo-Perdomo, J. J., & Abad-Santos, F. (2021). The pharmacogenetics of treatment with olanzapine. Pharmacogenomics, 22(14), 939-958. https://doi.org/10.2217/pgs-2021-0051 Medication Treatment Of Schizophrenia And Psychosis Disorders Assignment