NURS 6521 week 8 Assignments Essay,Infections Essay

Week 8: Infections

Prior to the H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009, it had been more than 40 years since an infectious virus had resulted in such substantial illness, hospitalizations, and deaths on a global scale (CDC, 2010). This can be attributed to improved prevention such as proper hygiene, as well as vaccinations and other drug therapies. However, as the H1N1 pandemic illustrates, infections are sometimes unavoidable even when appropriate prevention methods are implemented. In clinical settings, patients present with various infections including common disorders such as flus and colds, as well as disorders that require more extensive treatment and care such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or tuberculosis (TB). As an advanced practice nurse, you must evaluate patients presenting with symptoms of infections and recommend appropriate drug treatments.NURS 6521 week 8 Assignments Essay,Infections Essay

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This week you begin to explore infections by considering issues surrounding the prevalence, management, and education about HIV/AIDS. You also examine viral and bacterial infections, as well as the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this week, students will:

· Analyze reasons for the prevalence of HIV/AIDS

· Analyze ways health care professionals can change society’s perceptions of HIV/AIDS

· Analyze strategies to educate HIV positive patients on treatment and management

· Analyze categories of antimicrobial agents

· Differentiate between viral and bacterial infections

· Analyze the relationship between infections and antimicrobial agents

· Understand and apply key terms, concepts, and principles related to prescribing drugs to treat infections and infestations

Photo Credit: E.M. Pasieka/ Science Photo Library/Getty Images

Learning Resources

This page contains the Learning Resources for this week. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this week’s assigned Learning Resources. To access select media resources, please use the media player below.NURS 6521 week 8 Assignments Essay,Infections Essay

Required Readings

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Arcangelo, V. P., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

· Chapter 8, “Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy” (pp. 96–117) This chapter covers factors that impact the selection of an antimicrobial treatment regimen. It also examines the clinical uses, adverse events, and drug interactions of various antimicrobial agents such as penicillin.

· Chapter 12, “Fungal Infections of the Skin” (pp. 141–149) This chapter explores the pathophysiology of several fungal infections of the skin as well as related drug treatments and examines the importance of patient education when managing these infections.NURS 6521 week 8 Assignments Essay,Infections Essay

· Chapter 14, “Bacterial Infections of the Skin” (pp. 158–172) This chapter begins by examining causes of bacterial infections. It then explores the importance of selecting an appropriate agent for treating bacterial infections.

· Chapter 32, “Urinary Tract Infection” (pp. 474–480) This chapter covers drugs used to treat urinary tract infections and identifies special considerations when treating geriatric patients, pediatric patients, and women.

· Chapter 35, “Sexually Transmitted Infections” (pp. 512–535) This chapter outlines the causes, pathophysiology, and drug treatment of six sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea, syphilis, and human papilloma virus infection (HPV). It also examines the importance of selecting the proper agent and monitoring patient response to treatment.NURS 6521 week 8 Assignments Essay,Infections Essay

· Chapter 48, “Human Immunodeficiency Virus” (pp. 748–762) This chapter presents the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and prevention methods for HIV. It also covers various methods of drug treatment and patient factors to consider when selecting, administering, and managing drug treatments.

Krummenacher, I., Cavassini, M., Bugnon, O., & Schneider, M. (2011). An interdisciplinary HIV-adherence program combining motivational interviewing and electronic antiretroviral drug monitoring. AIDS Care, 23(5), 550–561.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article analyzes medication adherence in HIV patients and examines factors that increase adherence as well as factors that contribute to termination or discontinuation of treatment.

Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.NURS 6521 week 8 Assignments Essay,Infections Essay

Scourfield, A., Waters, L., & Nelson, M. (2011). Drug combinations for HIV: What’s new? Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 9(11), 1001–1011.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article examines current therapies and strategies for treating HIV patients. It also examines factors that impact selection of therapy, including drug interactions, personalization of therapy, costs, management of comorbidities, and patient response.

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Antimicrobials. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This media presentation outlines principles of antimicrobial therapy

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 7 minutes.

Optional Resources

Mayer, K. H., & Krakower, D. (2012). Antiretroviral medication and HIV prevention: New steps forward and New Questions. Annals of Internal Medicine, 156(4), 312–314.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.NURS 6521 week 8 Assignments Essay,Infections Essay

Assignment: Antimicrobial Agents
Antimicrobial agents are essential components in the treatment of various bacterial infections as they help to kill or prevent the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoans. Prior to the discovery of antimicrobial agents, treatment options for patients with bacterial infections were limited. For many patients, treatment often resulted in the amputation of limbs or even death. Today, treatment options for bacterial infections typically have a more positive prognosis. Due to the various types of infections presented in patients, it is essential to be able to identify the underlying cause of the infection—whether bacterial or viral—before recommending drug treatments. This will help you identify whether or not an antimicrobial agent would be appropriate and which specific agent would target the infection. In this Assignment, you consider the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents for infections.NURS 6521 week 8 Assignments Essay,Infections Essay

To prepare:
· Review this week’s media presentation on principles of antimicrobial therapy, as well as Chapter 8 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text.

· Consider the categories of antimicrobial agents.

· Think about differences between viral and bacterial infections.

· Reflect on why proper identification of the infection is key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.

By Day 7
Write a 2- to 3- page paper that addresses the following:

· Describe the categories of antimicrobial agents.

· Describe differences between viral and bacterial infections.

· Explain why proper identification of viral and bacterial infections is key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.

Reminder: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/57.htm). All papers submitted must use this formatting.NURS 6521 week 8 Assignments Essay,Infections Essay

Application: Antimicrobial Agents

Antimicrobial agents are essential components in the treatment of various bacterial infections as they help to kill or prevent the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoans. Prior to the discovery of antimicrobial agents, treatment options for patients with bacterial infections were limited. For many patients, treatment often resulted in the amputation of limbs or even death. Today, treatment options for bacterial infections typically have a more positive prognosis. Due to the various types of infections presented in patients, it is essential to be able to identify the underlying cause of the infection—whether bacterial or viral—before recommending drug treatments. This will help you identify whether or not an antimicrobial agent would be appropriate and which specific agent would target the infection. In this Assignment, you consider the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents for infections.

To prepare:

· Review this week’s media presentation on principles of antimicrobial therapy, as well as Chapter 8 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text.NURS 6521 week 8 Assignments Essay,Infections Essay

· Consider the categories of antimicrobial agents.

· Think about differences between viral and bacterial infections.

· Reflect on why proper identification of the infection is key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.

To complete:

Write a 2- to 3- page paper (APA format) that addresses the following:

1. Describe the categories of antimicrobial agents. (use generic names)

2. Describe differences between viral and bacterial infections.

3. Explain why proper identification of viral and bacterial infections is key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.

The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references

Readings
· Arcangelo, V. P., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

o Chapter 8, “Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy” (pp. 96–117)

This chapter covers factors that impact the selection of an antimicrobial treatment regimen. It also examines the clinical uses, adverse events, and drug interactions of various antimicrobial agents such as penicillin.

o Chapter 12, “Fungal Infections of the Skin” (pp. 141–149)

This chapter explores the pathophysiology of several fungal infections of the skin as well as related drug treatments and examines the importance of patient education when managing these infections.

o Chapter 14, “Bacterial Infections of the Skin” (pp. 158–172)NURS 6521 week 8 Assignments Essay,Infections Essay

This chapter begins by examining causes of bacterial infections. It then explores the importance of selecting an appropriate agent for treating bacterial infections.

o Chapter 32, “Urinary Tract Infection” (pp. 474–480)

This chapter covers drugs used to treat urinary tract infections and identifies special considerations when treating geriatric patients, pediatric patients, and women.

o Chapter 35, “Sexually Transmitted Infections” (pp. 512–535)

This chapter outlines the causes, pathophysiology, and drug treatment of six sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea, syphilis, and human papilloma virus infection (HPV). It also examines the importance of selecting the proper agent and monitoring patient response to treatment.

o Chapter 48, “Human Immunodeficiency Virus” (pp. 748–762)

This chapter presents the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and prevention methods for HIV. It also covers various methods of drug treatment and patient factors to consider when selecting, administering, and managing drug treatments.

· Krummenacher, I., Cavassini, M., Bugnon, O., & Schneider, M. (2011). An interdisciplinary HIV-adherence program combining motivational interviewing and electronic antiretroviral drug monitoring.AIDS Care, 23(5), 550–561.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article analyzes medication adherence in HIV patients and examines factors that increase adherence as well as factors that contribute to termination or discontinuation of treatment.

· Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.NURS 6521 week 8 Assignments Essay,Infections Essay

· Scourfield, A., Waters, L., & Nelson, M. (2011). Drug combinations for HIV: What’s new? Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 9(11), 1001–1011. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases

This article examines current therapies and strategies for treating HIV patients. It also examines factors that impact selection of therapy, including drug interactions, personalization of therapy, costs, management of comorbidities, and patient response. NURS 6521 week 8 Assignments Essay,Infections Essay