Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Essay

Brief Patient History including medical diagnosis and summary of assessment findings:

The patient is a 59 year old female, widowed, who entered the Braintree Rehabilitation Center for transitional care after left knee arthroplasty due to osteoarthritis. She has a history of COPD; obstructive sleep apnea; spinal stenosis; degenerative joint disease; depression; obesity; fibromyalgia; dyslipidemia; hypothyroidism; lymphedema; tachycardia; and idiopathic tremors. She experienced a pulmonary embolism in 2009. Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Essay.

The total knee replacement (TKR) was conducted at Metrowest/Leonard Morse Hospital on 5/21/12. The patient was transferred to Braintree Rehabilitation Center on 5/24/12. She had difficulty emerging from anesthesia and experienced urinary retention. She subsequently emerged from anesthesia and the urinary retention resolved. A neurological consult was ordered to assess the patient’s difficulty emerging from anesthesia; no source of this difficulty was identified during examination. The consultation suggested that her lethargy might be attributable to oxycodone (patient is allergic to milnapricine and several other drugs) which the patient takes for ongoing pain and fibromyalgia.

The patient has otherwise experienced good recovery with physical therapy 1-2 hours per day/5 days per week. She continues to experience edema of the left operative extremity; no thromboembolus was identified and her physician ordered an additional diuretic. Her incision was healing well with no local swelling, warmth, or exudates and the wound erythema was receding from the marking drawn around the incision. Staples remained intake.

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The patient is a former smoker with COPD; she quit smoking just prior to the current surgery and seems to be managing this well. She is obese and indicates that she struggles with this and is aware of the relationship of her obesity to her osteoarthritis and current procedure as well as to other current and potential diagnoses. Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Essay. Her past medical history is noteworthy for fibromyalgia from which the patient experiences considerable disability. She associates the onset of fibromyalgia subsequent to being involved in a physically and emotionally abusive intimate adult relationship and to self-described post traumatic stress disorder relative to childhood sexual abuse. In addition, her past medical history is noteworthy for obstructive sleep apnea; patient uses a CPAP.

The patient is widowed and lives alone in Natick. She has four children who live locally and whom she indicates are very supportive. One son comes to her home everyday to cook her dinner. The patient does not cook for herself and is maintained during the day with tea until her son comes to make her dinner. The patient is very focused on understanding and accessing information about her conditions/diagnoses and treatments. When I first met her, she was reviewing information provided to her by the transitional care unit pertaining to difficulties in emerging from anesthesia and about her medications. The patient’s life appears to revolve around her illnesses and conditions; she describes herself as a multiply disabled person. She does not leave her home very much except to attend medical appointments and is highly dependent upon her family for her needs and care. The patient reports that depression is a significant factor in her life related to prior physical, emotional and sexual abuse and to her general state of disability. The patient is noteworthy for high level of health seeking behavior and a high degree of medicalization. According to the patient, her home is outfitted with multiple assistive devices which include a CPAP, a walker, a cane, an electronic chair to take her upstairs and a bidette to help her with personal hygiene.

In spite of her many disabilities, the patient is progressing well and will be discharged in about a week.

Additional Nursing Diagnosis without Care Planning Specification

Activity Intolerance

Acute Pain

Anxiety

Chronic Low Self Esteem

Chronic Pain

Deficient Diversional Activity

Depression

Disturbed Body Image

Disturbed Sleep Pattern

Disuse Syndrome

Fatigue

Health Seeking Behaviors

Hopelessness

Imbalanced Mobility: Greater than Body Requirements

Impaired Bed Mobility

Impaired Comfort

Impaired Communication

Impaired Gas Exchange

Impaired Individual Resilience

Impaired Physical Mobility

Impaired Social Isolation

Impaired Transfer Ability

Impaired Walking

Ineffective Activity Planning

Ineffective Breathing Pattern

Ineffective Coping

Post Trauma Syndrome

Powerlessness

Readiness for Additional Health Seeking Behavior

Risk for Cardiac/Vascular Complications

Risk for Caregiver Role Strain

Risk for Complications of Deep Vein Thrombosis

Risk for Complications of Musculoskeletal Dysfunction

Risk for Constipation

Risk for Falls

Risk for Hypothermia

Risk for Impaired Cellular Regulation

Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity

Risk for Ineffective Respiratory Function

Risk for Infection

Risk for Injury

Risk for Loneliness

Risk for peripheral Neurovascular Dysfunction

Sedentary Lifestyle

Self Care Deficit

NANDA Approved Nursing Diagnosis I Impaired Physical Mobility. Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Essay.

Client’s Medical Diagnosis: Osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, spinal stenosis, status post total left knee replacement, fibromyalgia, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism, lymphedema, tachycardia, idiopathic tremors

Definition :

“A limitation in independent, purposeful physical movement of the body or one or more extremities” (Ackley & Ladwig, 2011, p. 548).

Defining Characteristics :

“ Decreased reaction time; difficulty turning; engages in substitutions for movement (e.g., increased attention to other’s activity, controlling behavior, focus on pre-illness disability/activity; exertional dypsnea; gait changes, jerky movements; limited ability to perform gross motor skills; limited ability to perform fine motor skills; limited range of motion; movement-induced tremor; postural instability; slowed movement; uncoordinated movements” (Ackley & Ladwig, 2011, p. 549).

Related Factors

“Activity intolerance; altered cellular metabolism; anxiety; body mass index above 75th age-appropriate percentile; cognitive impairment; contractures; cultural beliefs regarding age-appropriate activity; deconditioning; decreased endurance; depressive mood; decreased muscle control; decreased muscle mass; decreased muscle strength; deficient knowledge regarding value of physical activity; developmental delay; discomfort; disuse; joint stiffness; lack of environmental supports (e.g., physical or social); limited cardiovascular endurance; loss of integrity of bone structures; malnutrition; medications; musculoskeletal impairment; neuromuscular impairment; pain; prescribed movement restrictions: reluctance to initiate movement; sedentary lifestyle; sensoriperceptual impairments” (Ackley & Ladwig, 2011, p. 549).

“Suggested functional level classifications include the following:

0-Completely independent

1-Requires use of equipment or device

2-Requires help from another person for assistance, supervision or teaching

3-Requires help from another person and equipment device

4-Dependent (does not participate in activity)”

(Ackley & Ladwig, 2011, p. 549)

Instructions for

Student

In the space below, enter the subjective and objective data gathered during your client assessment.  Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Essay.

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Subjective Data Entry

Patient reported pain of “4”related to current acute pain “4” and “6” for chronic pain at home prior to admission based on scale of from “0” to “10”

Patient reported that she uses assistive devices at home: walker, cane, electronic chair for climbing stairs while seated, bidette to assist with personal care; CPAP for sleep

Patient reported that she engages in little social activity when at home, going out only for medical appointments

Patient reported that she often sleeps during the day and has difficulty sleeping at night

Patient reported that she is frequently fatigued and that movement around the home is difficult even with assistive devices

Patient reported that chronic pain is related to osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia

Patient reported that she is dependent upon family member for meals

Patient reported that she is able to manage some dressing and bathing, but is dependent upon bidette for some of her perianal care

Patient self-reports depression, PTSD, and fibromyalgia related to past physical, emotional and sexual abuse and to current status of general disability

Objective Data Entry

Vital signs: Temp: Oral 97.3, HR, 105, Respirations, 20, BP: r: 121/75; L 123/79

Pulses: Radial 105, L and R pedal pulses present

Height: 4 ft 11 inches Weight 259 lbs

Cognition: Alert and Oriented to person place and time X3

Affect: Pleasant, conversant, but subject to inattention due to dozing during conversation

Integumentary: Hair: clean, gray color, neat haircut, no lesions on scalp

Nasal: moist, pink

Oral: mucosa : moist, pink, tongue: moist, pink, no oral lesions. Skin Color: Pink

Skin: Color: pink Temp: warm to touch Texture: smooth Moisture/Hydration: moist, turgor positive at sternum Breakdown: the only current manifestation of breakdown is skin rashes in groin area and under breasts. Operative incision is erythmetous, but erythema is receding as evidenced by line drawn around erythema.Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Essay.  No swelling, warmth or exudate at the operative incision

Respiratory: Respirations: 20, depth even and rhythm even, O2 saturation 94% at rest on room air. Observed patient fatigue upon walking a short distance from bed to bathroom,

Cardiovascular:Apical Pulse: 105; Rhythm: regular; Radial pulses: left and right present Pedal Pulses: left and right present

Capillary refill observed L X 5 fingers and R X 5 fingers; L X 5 toes and R X 5 toes < 3 seconds LE: 2+ edema left operative extremity lower calf

Musculoskeletal: poor mobility. Left hand slightly weaker than right; tremors appeared in left when squeezing fingers

General: Patient experiences generalized pain chronically and current acute pain at operative site. Patient used ice pack and lidocaine strips to moderate localized pain (in addition to pain medications). Patient experiences chronic sleep disturbances, in particular, chronic obstructive sleep disorder. Sleep is only moderately relieved by use of CPAP Objective evidence includes patient frequent dozing during interview. Patient is obese: weight 259 lbs/height 4 feet, 11 inches BMI 52.3

Evaluate

Student Instructions: To be sure your client diagnostic statement written below is accurate you need to review the defining characteristics and related factors associated with the nursing diagnosis and see how your client data match. Do you have an accurate match or are additional data required, or does another nursing diagnosis need to be investigated? Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Essay.

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Diagnostic Statement

Nursing Diagnosis (specify) Impaired Physical Mobility (Carpenito-Moyet , 2010, p. 285) related to pain, fatigue, obesity and sleep disturbances as evidenced by patient fatigue upon walking a short distance, patient report of limited mobility, patient dozing during interview, patient pain reports of “4” and “6” on scale of from “0” to “10” , patient BMI 52.3

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Desired Outcome The Client will:

and Client Criteria:

Reduce weight by 20% after one year compared to baseline of 259 lbs

Reduce feelings of depression by 20% as measured by the PHQ-9 questionnaire after one year

Improve mobility by 20% after one year compared to baseline determined by physical therapist assessment

Reduce pain by 50% after one year compared to baseline of “6” on scale of from “0”to“10”

Improve feelings of self esteem and self-efficacy by patient report after one year

Evaluate

The desired outcome must meet criteria to be accurate. The outcome must be specific, realistic, measurable, and include a time frame for completion. Does the action verb describe the client’s behavior to be evaluated? Can the outcome be used in the evaluation step of the nursing process to measure the client’s response to the nursing interventions listed below? Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Essay.

Interventions

Referral to mental health counseling to identify and treat depression, issues of self-esteem and self efficacy

Referral and active participation in physical therapy to improve mobility

Undertake regular exercise that includes ambulation for longer distances, higher frequency and increased repetition of performing ankle pumps, gluteal sets and quadriceps sets.

Use heat and cold, stretching and range of motion exercises to manage symptoms of fibromyalgia

Referral to pulmonologist for sleep disturbance assessment.

Referral to pain management specialist for assessment, planning and treatment related to various sources of patient pain

Referral to nutritionist for assessment and planning related to nutrition and weight reduction. Set realistic goals for weight reduction, encourage patient to keep food diaries, provide patient with information about the relationship of weight management to pain reduction and mobility improvement, identify stress issues related to obesity and support systems that can help patient in weight reduction.

Rationale for Selected Intervention and References

Research indicates that attention to psychosocial issues and mental health counseling can have a positive impact on reduction in obesity (Yilmaz et al, 2011). Depression has been related to weight control in patients with osteoarthritis (Possley et al, 2009). Mood disorders are related to fibromyalgia (Dell, 2007).

Research has shown that active participation in physical therapy is important to improved mobility post TKR (Hall, Hardwick, Reden, Pulido,& Colwell, 2004).

Research indicates that behaviors such as ambulation for longer distances, higher frequency and increased repetition of performing ankle pumps, gluteal sets and quadriceps sets are related to greater self-efficacy in patients who have had total joint replacement (Moon & Backer, 2000). Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Essay. Regular exercise improves pain, physical function and contributes to weight reduction in patients with osteoarthritis (Seed, Dunican & Lynch, 2009). Active physical exercise has achieved modest positive results in reduction of signs and symptoms of fibromyalgia (Turk, 2009).

Research has shown that heat and cold, stretching and range of motion exercises improves symptoms of fibromyalgia ((Turk, 2009).

Research has shown that sleep disturbances should be evaluated and treated as a component of treatment of fibromyalgia (Dell, 2007).

Patient has pain related to many sources and may influence the patient’s approach to obesity and mobility. Pain has been related to obesity (Janke, Collins, Kozak, 2007).

Realistic goals, food diaries/monitoring/ understanding of the relationship between pain and mobility, stress issues and support systems have been shown to support successful obesity self care and illness prevention (Hindle & Dell, 2012).

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Evaluate

Do your interventions assist in achieving the desired outcome? Do your interventions address further monitoring of the client’s response to your interventions and to the achievement of the desired outcome? Are qualifiers: when, how, amount, time, and frequency used? Is the focus of the action’s verb on the nurse’s actions and not on the client? Do your rationales provide sufficient reason and directions? Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Essay.

What was your client’s response to the interventions? (theoretic)

Weight is reduced by 20% after one year (evaluation outcome 200 lbs)

Feelings of depression are reduced by 20% as measured by the PHQ-9 questionnaire after one year

Mobility is improved by 20% after one year compared to baseline established by physical therapist assessment

Pain is reduced by 50% after one year (evaluation outcome “3” on a scale of from “0” to “10”

Feelings of self esteem and self-efficacy are improved by patient report after one year

References

Ackley, B.J. & Ladwig, G.B. (2011). Nursing diagnosis handbook-an evidence-based guide to planning care. Ninth Edition. Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, 2011

Carpenito-Moyet, L.J. (2010) Handbook of nursing diagnosis, 13th Edition, Used by arrangement with Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, a company of John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York, London, Buenos Aires, Hong Kong, Sydney, Tokyo

Dell, D.D. (2007) Getting the point about fibromyalgia. Nursing 2007, February 2007, 61-64. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111&hid=114. Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Essay.

Janke, E.A., Collins, A. & Kozak, A. T. (2007) Overview of the relationship between pain and obesity: what do we know? Where do we go next? Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, Vol 44, No 2, 245-261. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5&sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111&hid=114

Hall, V.L., Hardwick, M., Reden, L., Pulido, P. & Colwell, C. (2004) Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty –an overview with nursing implications. Orthopaedic Nursing, Vol 23, No 3, May/June 2004, 163-173. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6&sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111&hid=114

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Hindle, L. & Mills, S. (2012) Obesity self-care and illness prevention. Practice Nursing, Vol 23, No 3, 130-134. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=10&sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111&hid=114

Moon, L.B. & Backer, J. (2000) Relationships among self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and postoperative behaviors in total joint

replacement patients. Orthopaedic Nursing, 19 (2) 77-85. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/detail?vid=7&sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111&hid=114&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=rzh&AN=2000051848

Possley. D. et al. (2009) Relationship between depression and functional measures in overweight and obese persons with osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, Vol 46, No 9, 1091-1097. doi:10.1682/JRRD.2009.03.0024

Seed, S.M., Dunican, K.C., & Lynch, A.M. (2009) Osteoarthritis: a review of treatment options. Geriatrics, Vol 64, No 10, 20-28. Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Essay.

Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=9&sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111&hid=114

Turk, D.C. (2009). Fibromyalgia syndrome: a guide for the perplexed. Psychiatric Times, 26(2), 50-54. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/detail?vid=8&sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111&hid=114&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=cin20&AN=2010211647

Yilmaz, J. et al. (2011) Adopting a psychological approach to obesity. Nursing Standard, Vol 25, No 21, 42-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2011.01.25.21.42.c8289

Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement Essay