Pharmacological Management of Diabetes Mellitus Essay

Lena Chung
Week 5 Discussion
COLLAPSE
There are growing number of diabetes which accounted for 37.3 million, 11.3% of the US population, (CDC 2022). Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in young age due to insufficient insulin in blood, also called juvenile diabetes when happens in young age. Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease causing hyperglycemia in blood that can affect quality of life and lead to circulatory, nervous, and immune system disorders. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy without preexisting diabetes diagnosis, but usually resolves after baby is born. Pharmacological Management of Diabetes Mellitus Essay

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Majority of patients are classified in type 2 diabetes which belong to insulin resistance group (Blaslov et al., 2018). Type 2 diabetes requires healthy diet, regular exercise, maintain healthy weight, monitor blood sugar, and medication therapy. If blood sugar cannot reach the optimal level, medications like metformin can be prescribed. Metformin was approved by FDA in 1995, designated as first line drugs for type 2 diabetes, and it works by decreasing intestinal glucose absorption and diminishing hepatic gluconeogenesis, (Manu, Rogozea, & Cernea, 2021). Pharmacological Management of Diabetes Mellitus Essay

Metformin is available in table, suspension, solution, and extended-release forms. Special diet plan may have been prescribed by primary care physician or dietitian along with the medication therapy. Diet plan may include high fat, low-calorie, and low carbohydrates, (Blaslov et al., 2018). Metformin should be taken with meal and full glass of water, should not be crushed, broken, or chewed, Medication should be stored in designated container at room temperature. Some of the side effects include abdominal discomfort, cough, hoarseness, decreased appetite, diarrhea, low back pain, muscle cramping, and sleepiness, (Mayo Clinic, n.d.). Pharmacological Management of Diabetes Mellitus Essay

Type 2 diabetes will require lifelong treatment with balanced diet, physical activity, and medication therapy as needed. In short term, Metformin improved body weight and glycemic control. In long term, metformin reduced the risk of macrovascular disease, (Kooy et al., 2009). Although there are many treatment options available for diabetes, it is important for patients with diabetes to live quality living style and be happy. It is imperative to focus on prevention and promoting healthy lifestyle through continued patient education, (Blaslov et al., 2018). Pharmacological Management of Diabetes Mellitus Essay

References

Blaslov, K., Naranđa, F. S., Kruljac, I., & Renar, I. P. (2018). Treatment approach to type 2 diabetes: Past, present and future. World journal of diabetes, 9(12), 209–219. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v9.i12.209

CDC (2022). National Diabetes Statistics Report. Diabetes. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html

Kooy, A., de Jager, J., Lehert, P., Bets, D., Wulffelé, M. G., Donker, A. J., & Stehouwer, C. D. (2009). Long-term effects of metformin on metabolism and microvascular and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Archives of internal medicine, 169(6), 616–625. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.20 Pharmacological Management of Diabetes Mellitus Essay

Manu, P., Rogozea, L. M., & Cernea, S. (2021). Pharmacological management of diabetes mellitus: a century of expert opinions in cecil textbook of medicine. American Journal of Therapeutics, 28(4), e397-e410.

Mayo Clinic (n.d.). Metformin (Oral Route). Drugs and Supplements. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/metformin-oral-route/proper-use/drg-20067074 Pharmacological Management of Diabetes Mellitus Essay