Population Description, Demographics and Health Concerns Essay

In this course, you will be complete a 2-part assignment in which you conduct research about a population of focus, develop a PICOT statement, and write a Literature Review. The PICOT statement and Literature Review you write in this course can be used for your evidence-based practice project in the next course so be sure to select an issue you want to continue working on in your next course. PICOT (Population/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time to achieve the outcome) is a method that helps clarify the qualities needed to create a good question out of a practice issue or problem affecting the population of focus. Additionally, the information derived from a good PICOT makes it easier to perform a literature search in order to find translational research sources that can be used to address the clinical problem. Use a national, state or local population health care database to research indicators of disparity. Choose a mortality/morbidity indicator to identify a clinical problem or issue that you want to explore pertaining to a population of focus. Use this indicator to begin to formulate a PICOT and conduct research on the population. Write a 750-1,000-word paper that analyzes your research and focuses on the population you have chosen. Describe the population\’s demographics and health concerns, and explain how nursing science, health determinants, and epidemiologic, genomic, and genetic data may impact population health management for the selected population. Provide an overview of a potential solution for solving the health issue related to your population and the intended PICOT statement. Population Description, Demographics and Health Concerns Essay. Describe how the solution incorporates health policies and goals that support health care equity for the population of focus. You are required to cite three to five sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. Benchmark Information This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies: MS Nursing: Public Health MS Nursing: Education MS Nursing: Acute Care Nurse Practitioner MS Nursing: Family Nurse Practitioner MS Nursing: Health Care Quality and Patient Safety 4.1: Synthesize nursing science, determinants of health, and epidemiologic, genomic, and genetic data in the management of population health. Additional directions: See the requirements for the Part 1: population Health Research and PICOT Statement Paper. Write a 750-1,000-word paper that analyzes your research and focuses on the population you have chosen. You paper must have these sections: Section 1: Population Description, Including Demographics and Health Concerns( describe the population of interest) Section 2: explain how nursing science, epidemiologic, how nursing science, health determinants & socioeconomic status, genomic, and geneticdata may impact population health management for the selected population. Section 3: Potential solution & PICOT Statement:Provide an overview of a potential solution for solving the health issue related to your population and the intended PICOT statement. Describe how the solution incorporates health policies and goals that support health care equity for the population of focus. You are required to cite three to five sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content. Population Description, Demographics and Health Concerns Essay.

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Diabetes is among the major causes of death globally and in the United States. According to a report by the National Diabetes Statistics, globally, more than 80 million adults have prediabetes and more than 30 million are already diagnosed with diabetes (American Diabetes Association, n.d.). Of the already diagnosed population, 30% are elderly aged 65 years or older closely followed by individuals aged 45-64 years. In the United States, diabetes is more prevalent among individuals aged between 45-64 years closely followed by patients aged 75 years and older.

The prevalence of diabetes is even higher than the national average among Alaska Natives/American Indians and individuals of Hispanic origin. Among adults diagnosed with diabetes, approximately 1.4 million have insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), while non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) accounts for 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes (Glantz et al, 2019). sIn the aforementioned population, socioeconomic status, and education level are major determinants of the condition’s prevalence.

The Center for Prevention and Disease Control (CDC) approximates that 13% of individuals diagnosed with diabetes have a lower education status (less than high school), 9% have high school education and 7.5% have reached a tertiary level (CDC, 2020). If poorly managed, NIDDM has been associated with high mortality and morbidity, poor health outcomes, cardiovascular diseases, renal disease, adult-onset blindness, stroke, and lower-limb amputations.

Impact on Population Health Management

Lack of access or limited access to healthcare services directly impacts the overall health status of diabetics. Elderly patients in the US encounter different barriers to accessing care. The most important barrier among Hispanics include; language barrier, high costs of diabetes-related care, being uninsured, and lack or limited access to specialized care (Glantz et al, 2019). Patient behavior also has a major impact on the outcomes of diabetic patients. A perfect example is a non-smoking and physically active patient with diabetes who adheres to prescribed drugs and appropriate nutrition. This patient has a very minimal risk for hospitalization.

Nursing science plays a significant role in balancing diabetes care. A perfect example is the use of telenursing through which nurses can closely monitor patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes in rural and remote settings using technology. Population Description, Demographics and Health Concerns Essay.  Currently, existing evidence reveals that telenursing decreases diabetes care-related costs such as transport costs. This approach thus increases care beyond the hospital setting, decreases response time, and ensures access to care for patients with mobility with issues.

Potential Solution and PICOT Statement

Most elderly patients diagnosed with IDDM have multiple underlying conditions that are managed with different drugs. As a result, one of the greatest challenges that patients may encounter is polypharmacy. Presently, HbA1C is used as the priority gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of anti-diabetic agents and response to therapy. However, to individualize the management of IDDM, currently, existing evidence recommends continuous blood glucose monitoring (CBGM) since it enhances a patient’s ability to closely monitor the levels of blood glucose in real-time (Danne et al, 2017). Apart from promoting a continuous stream of data, CBGM informs a patient’s ability to determine both hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes. When used appropriately, CBGM   reduces the subsequent risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications and HbA1C levels (Laffel et al., 2020). Although it is linked to a high risk of hypoglycemia, CBGM is more effective and efficient when compared to SBGM.

Clinical Question/PICOT Statement

Among patients aged 65 years or older diagnosed with IDDM (P), does CGM (continuous glucose monitoring) (I) compared to traditional SBGM (self-monitoring of blood glucose) (SMBG) (C) improve glycemic control, decrease hypoglycemic events, and reduce hospital readmissions or admissions (O) within 12 weeks? (T). Population Description, Demographics and Health Concerns Essay.

Health Equity

Nurses play an integral role in managing patients with diabetes by directly and indirectly being involved in health promotion and disease prevention activities such as health education and counseling on lifestyle modification. ADA (n.d.) provides clinicians with the necessary guidelines to diagnose, manage, and prevent diabetes. These guidelines are cost-effective and efficient as supported by findings from evidence-based studies such as systematic-reviews, expert opinion, meta-analysis, and panel consensus.

The guidelines further emphasize that, nurses should frequently review and implement the provided guidelines since they carefully outline the step by step processes to attain glycemic control, prevent short term and long term diabetes-related complications, and promote good health outcomes post-implementation. ADA (n.d.) outlines that, when nurses and other healthcare providers collaborate and adhere to the proposed guidelines, patients can achieve good glycemic control, prevent diabetes-related admissions and readmissions, and have good outcomes. Population Description, Demographics and Health Concerns Essay.

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References

American Diabetes Association. (n.d.). Medicare. Retrieved from https://www.diabetes.org/resources/health-insurance/medicare.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). National Diabetes Statistics Report: Estimates of Diabetes and Its Burden in the United States Background. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/data/statistics/national-diabetes-statistics-report.pdf.

Danne, T., Nimri, R., Battelino, T., Bergenstal, M. R., Close, L. K., DeVries, H. J., Garg, S., Heinemann, L., Philip, M., (2017). International Consensus on Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring. Diabetes Care, 40, 1631–1640. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-1600.

Glantz, N. M., Duncan, I., Ahmed, T., Fan, L., Reed, B. L., Kalirai, S., & Kerr, D., (2019). Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Burden and Cost of Diabetes for US Medicare Beneficiaries. Health Equity, 3(1), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2019.0004

Laffel, Kanapka, BeckBergamo, K., Clements, M. A., Criego, A.  & Messer, L. H. (2020). Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Jama, 323(23), 2388-2396.  Population Description, Demographics and Health Concerns Essay.