PTSD in Childhood Trauma Research Paper
PTSD in Childhood Trauma Research Paper
2 1/2 pages scientific 2 1/2 pages mathematical
Compose a brief and focused paper which explains and describes your healthcare issue/topic from a scientific and/or mathematical/analytical perspective of inquiry.
Your paper must be 5 pages in length and reference 4 scholarly, peer-reviewed resources. Be sure to follow APA formatting standards (spacing, font, headers, titles, abstracts, page numbering, etc.) as you demonstrate informative, explanatory, descriptive writing. Use the provided tem=9oplate.
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- Address your general topic by forming and answering two levels of research questions, developed to provide specific and detailed inquiry, discovery and understanding:
- Choose a “Level 1 Research Question/ Writing Prompt” from either or both of the lists below to answer in the paper. PTSD in Childhood Trauma Research Paper
- Compose a “Level 2 Research Question/ Writing Prompt” that provides detail, specificity, and focus to your inquiry, research and writing
- State your research questions in the introduction of your paper.
- Form the body of your paper by answering each research question, using references to the resources found in your research.
- Review the process and the resulting understandings in the conclusion of the paper (briefly review the issues, research questions, answers, and insights.)
Level 1 Research Questions/Writing Prompts
SCIENTIFIC Perspective of Inquiry
Which body systems are affected?
level II Research Question
How does PTSD effect the body? and what are the symptoms of PTSD?
Level 1 Research Questions/Writing Prompts
MATHEMATICAL/ANALYTICAL Perspective of Inquiry
What are the statistical facts related to the issue?
Level II Research Questions/Writing Prompts MATHEMATICAL/ANALYTICAL Perspective of Inquiry
What would be the statistical cost of treating PTSD?
Formal Writing implies that there is a “form” or a “formula” to it, kind of like going to the Prom. Men are supposed to wear suits and ties; ladies are expected to wear dresses. Other formal occasions will be like weddings or funerals, or coming-of-age ceremonies like Bar- or Bat-Mitzvahs or Quinceaneras, or going to court, or meeting an important person. There are expectations as to how you need to present yourself, and not meeting those expectations puts your credibility at risk. This may feel like your writing is “formulaic,” as in robotic or repetitive, and it is, but there is a reason for this. PTSD in Childhood Trauma Research Paper
Look at the previous photograph. What is informal about this prom photo? Why doesn’t meet your expectations, and why do we have those expectations? Where do they come from?
Formal Writing
Outlining: Organizing Your Topic
Taking the step to think about how your are going to organize your essay is just as important as doing the drafting. Here are some steps you should take:
Gather research at first by skimming.
Read over your sources once without marking them; decide which are most useful.
Actively read your sources, making notes in the margins, highlighting, and underlining. Only about 33% of the source should be marked.
Create an Outline by writing in Full and Complete Sentences.
Outlining: Topic-by-Topic
How you organize your topic will depend upon what your Topic is, what your Issue is, and what your Questions are. One method is to go Topic-by-Topic. This is were you will focus on an aspect of your Topic in each paragraph, and your sources will be used to focus on that:
Cause of Type II Diabetes: People eat too much processed food featuring refined sugars
Source A argues ….
On the other hand, Source B claims ….
They are similar or difference because ….
The similarity or difference relates to my thesis because ….
Outlining: Source-by-Source
Certain Topics and Issues will be better suited if you proceed through your research individually, meaning that your paragraph will still be focused on a Topic, but you’ll focus on one source more in-depth:
Causes of Type II Diabetes: Some research claims that Type II Diabetes is cause by too much refined sugar in one’s diet.
Source A claims ….
That means that ….
Source A goes on to argue ….
That related to my thesis because …
However, other research suggests Type II Diabetes is not so much dietary but related to lack of exercise
Source B claims ….
Etc. etc.
Section Introductions: Intro Paragraph Form
A good Introduction is designed to ease you audience into the subject matter. DO NOT start with your research and sources, thinking they’ll do the talking for you. Include the following four elements:
A Hook: State your topic, define the problem, offer an interesting fact, start with a quote, ask a question, or tell a story that sets the scene and establishes the tone of the essay.
Intro your Main Sources: Give the reader the 1 or 2 most important sources to your essay, and provide a short summary of their work. This should include the author(s)’ last name and the year of their publication in parentheses: Smith (2018).
Thesis: Offer the reader your Hypothesis; this may be hypothetical for now.
Plan of Development: How will you support your thesis step-by-step? How is this section organized?
Sections Introductions: Do’s and Don’ts
Introduction Do’s
What is the General Subject matter and Specific Issue?
Background Information that set-up the Subject and Issue.
The Thesis, the solution you are offering for your Research Questions.
The Steps the paper will take to make it’s argument; how it will be organized.
Introductions DO NOT’s:
Do not include evidence in the introduction (no quotes from your sources.)
An Introduction does not have to be limited to one paragraph; it can be more.
Body Paragraphs Transition
The Body Paragraphs should include a Transition between them.
Avoid an A-B-C, 1-2-3 approach; instead, use what’s called a “Subordinate Clause,” which is a two part sentence
The Dependent Clause: This clause will start by referring to the previous paragraph. It will begin with a “Subordinator.” For example, “While pancreatic cancer has a daunting prognosis.” Reading this, I know the previous paragraph was about pancreatic cancer’s prognosis.
The Independent Clause: This clause will refer to the topic of the coming paragraph. This will be a normal sentence. For example, “new technology is helping patients survive with pancreatic cancer longer than ever.” Now I know that this paragraph is about new technology. PTSD in Childhood Trauma Research Paper
Put them together: While pancreatic cancer has a daunting prognosis (previous paragraph), new technology is helping patients survive longer than ever (new paragraph).
Other Subordinators: although, after, before, once, since, while, when, because, if, etc., etc.
Body Paragraphs: Topic Sentence
All paragraphs need to include a Topic Sentence. A good topic sentence will have two parts:
A Subject: Who or what the paragraph is about?
Example: “new technology”
A Treatment: Why or how you’re going to discuss the Subject?
Example: “is helping patients survive with pancreatic cancer longer than ever.”
Formulate your topics sentences based upon what you can support with research
DO NOT mention sources in your topic sentence. In fact, avoid starting and ending paragraphs with source intros and evidence.
Body Paragraphs Source Introduction or Reintroduction
A Body Paragraph needs to indicate which sources are being used and what those sources are about if they have not yet been introduced.
New Source: If this is the very first time a source appears in your text, the include the author(s)’ last name, the year of their publication, and a brief summary of their work.
Reintroduction: If you have already introduced the source in your Intro Paragraph or a previous Body Paragraph, then include the source’s last name(s) and a paraphrase of the section you are about to use as Evidence.
It is important for your audience to know that your topic sentence is supported by evidence from a credible source. DO NOT neglect to include the source.
Body Paragraph, Evidence: Direct Quotations APA Style
Evidence is the most crucial part of your body paragraph. Your best form of evidence is going to be a direct quote.
In between quotation marks, copy the text exactly as it is written from your source.
Drop any ending punctuation that is a period, comma, colon, or semi-colon.
If you are quoting a question, include a question mark before the final quotation mark.
DO NOT use ellipses (. . .) at the beginning or ends of quotes unless they are in the original text.
Ending punctuation goes outside the parentheses.
Include the source’s last name(s) and the year of publication before the quote or after the quote in the parentheses.
Example: Smith (2018) claims, “New technology is helping patients survive with pancreatic cancer” (p. 8).
Example: He claims, “New technology is helping patients survive with pancreatic cancer” (Smith, 2018, p. 8).
Include the page number(s) in the parentheses
“p.” for a single page
“pp.” for multiple pages
Body Paragraphs Evidence: Paraphrase
Another kind of evidence is a Paraphrase, a summary of a specific section of an article. Similar rules apply for Paraphrase as they do for Direct Quotes:
Include the source’s last name(s) and the year of publication before the quote or after the quote in the parentheses.
Example: Smith (2018) claims new technology is allowing patients to cope with the symptoms of pancreatic cancer better than ever before. Survivor’s prognoses are getting better and better (p. 8). PTSD in Childhood Trauma Research Paper
Example: He claims new technology is allowing patients to cope with the symptoms of pancreatic cancer better than ever before. Survivor’s prognoses are getting better and better (Smith, 2018, p. 8).
Include the page number(s) in the parentheses
“p.” for a single page
“pp.” for multiple pages
Body Paragraph, Evidence: Summary vs. Paraphrase
Paraphrase and Summary are similar in many ways; however, they also are quite different.
| Aspect | Summary | Paraphrase |
| Scope | The whole source | A specific section |
| Length | Shorter than Original | About the same |
| In Your Own Words | Yes | Yes |
| Used as Evidence | No; used to intro | Yes |
| Includes Quotes | No | Can; key term/phrases |
| Attributed to Author(s) | Always | Always |
| Cited by Page #(s) | No | Can be |
Body Paragraphs: Analysis
Now the you have included your Evidence, whether that is a Quote or a Paraphrase, now you must explain what that evidence means. Here are some suggestions:
Define: What does the evidence mean? Explain it. Pick out key words or phrases that might be complicated for a novice audience and explain their meaning.
Compare: How is this evidence similar to another piece of evidence presented in this paragraph or in a previous paragraph? Be specific about what the similarity is.
Contrast: How is this evidence different from a previous piece of evidence or source. Again, be specific about what the difference is.
Cause-and-effect: What led up to and/or will result from this piece of evidence?
Body Paragraph: Drawing a Conclusion
So, you Transitioned, made your Topic Sentence, Intro’d your Source, presented Evidence, and offered Analysis. Job done? Not yet. The last step is a critical one: drawing a conclusions. When Drawing a Conclusions, your task is to tie your Analysis of your Evidence into the Topic of your Essay. This is the “so what?” of your paragraph.
How does the Analysis support your Hypothesis or contribute to your section? PTSD in Childhood Trauma Research Paper
Body Paragraphs: Conclusions
Remember that readers have two major problems when they read:
Readers will not remember the main points unless they are emphasized and repeated.
Readers will remember most what they read last.
Consider these when you write your body, but it’s most important to remember when writing a conclusion. Try these ideas:
Restate you main Topic, Issues, and Main Points without saying them the exact same way; restating is not copy-pasting.
Offer solutions to your Issue. Addressed the readers saying “so what?”
PTSD in Childhood Trauma Research Paper
