Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay
Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay
Global Health Comparison Grid Template
Use this document to complete the Module 6 Assessment Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement
Global Healthcare Issue
Description
Country United States
Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay
What are the strengths of this policy?
What are the weaknesses of this policy?
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples)
How has each country’ government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue?
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How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples)
Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country. Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples)
General Notes/Comments
Global Health Comparison Template
HIV/AIDS is considered one of the most significant public health concerns worldwide. HIV/AIDs imposes a considerable economic burden on the patients, their families, and the entire population (Mc Lean et al., 2021). Additionally, HIV/AIDs predisposes individual patients and their families to a high risk of developing mental illnesses, including depression and anxiety disorders (Santos et al., 2021). Furthermore, HIV/AIDS sustainability and financing significantly raise the percentage of GDP income allocated to the healthcare sector (Mc Lean et al., 2021). Moreover, HIV/AIDs jeopardizes socioeconomic development at various levels: Regional, national, and worldwide (Mc Lean et al., 2021). As a result, HIV/AIDs was declared a global pandemic, and global AIDs policies were recommended to curb the spread of HIV/AIDs at the state and global levels (Padamsee, 2020). This paper presents policies developed to fight HIV/AIDs pandemic in Canada and the United States. Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay
| International Healthcare Issue | HIV/AIDS | |
| Describing the Healthcare Issue | HIV/AIDS is one of the most severe pandemics worldwide based on the percentage of the affected population at the regional, state, and global levels. Advancement in the healthcare sector led to the introduction of medication treatment for HIV/AIDs to achieve better health outcomes, including reducing the severity of HIV-related symptoms and improving the quality of life. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is significantly high in Canada and the United States (Davy-Mendez et al., 2021). In the US, more cases of HIV/AIDs have been reported in ethnic minorities than in native populations, increasing mortality rates among minority racial groups (Davy-Mendez et al., 2021). In Canada, the surveillance report published in 2018 indicated that 6/100000 persons had been diagnosed with HIV/AIDs (Haddad et al., 2019). Approximately 62050 Canadians were living with HIV/AIDs in 2018 (Haddad et al., 2019). Thus, the US and Canadian national governments implemented health policies to improve quality, safety, and access to care in HIV/AIDS-affected populations.
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| Country | United States
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Canada |
| The policy’s description | The US national government has adopted multiple strategies to fight HIV/AIDs pandemic. First, the federal government introduced the National HIV/AIDS Strategy to enhance management and response to the HIV/AIDs epidemic. Additionally, the government significantly increased the amount of funds allocated to HIV/AIDs programs to curb the disease. Moreover, HIV screening services have increased in the US nationwide to facilitate early diagnosis and management of HIV/AIDs symptoms. Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay
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The Canadian national government has invested heavily in HIV/AIDs prevention and treatment initiatives. Additionally, the government supports organizations and programs that focus on creating HIV/AIDs awareness in the community. Furthermore, government officials collaborate with other agencies to empower communities, preparing them to fight HIV/AIDs. |
| The policy’s strengths | This policy primarily focuses on HIV/AIDs prevention and early management, preventing the spread of HIV/AIDs in the country (Beyrer, 2021).
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The policy primarily focuses on empowering the population, enabling them to use resources available locally to fight the HIV/AIDs pandemic. Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay |
| The policy’s weaknesses | The policy does not include measures for addressing the HIV/AIDS population’s unmet needs, becoming less effective in fighting the pandemic. Moreover, the policy does not consider critical resources required for effective and appropriate management of the HIV/AIDs epidemic. | The Canadian policy does not offer a comprehensive analysis of strategies effective in HIV/AIDS sustainability, prevention, and management. Additionally, the policy needs more effective guidelines regarding continuous improvement of the current provisions. |
| The impact of SDoH on
HIV/AIDs pandemic |
In the US, social determinants of health (SDoH) factors significantly influence HIV/AIDS prevention and management. For instance, socioeconomic status determines access to medical services among HIV/AIDs affected persons. Americans with high socioeconomic status with HIV/AIDs are more likely to access high-quality medical care than those with low socioeconomic status, in particular, ethnic minorities (Davy-Mendez et al., 2021). As a result, less severe HIV/AIDs symptoms and improved quality of life are reported among Americans living with HIV/AIDs with high-income levels. Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay | SDoH with a significant impact on HIV/AIDs prevention in Canada is the environment. HIV/AIDs awareness is limited among Canadians residing in rural areas, predisposing them to a high risk of contracting HIV. |
| Addressing cost, access to care, and quality | The US federal government has adopted programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, to improve quality, cost, and access to medical care services among HIV/AIDS patients. The US has also introduced free access to HIV counseling and testing and anti-retroviral medications to enhance the prevention and management of HIV/AIDs.
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The Canadian government provides citizens affected by HIV/AIDs with partial or complete antiretroviral medications through its provinces. As a result, the cost burden of antiretroviral medications is reduced significantly, enhancing the management of HIV/AIDs symptoms for better health outcomes. Moreover, the Canadian government has introduced free screening services for HIV/AIDs patients (Gormley et al., 2020). |
| The impact of the health of the international population | The policy has enhanced access to affordable medical care services in HIV/AIDs affected populations. Consequently, HIV/AIDs related health complications have been reduced, improving overall health outcomes and quality of life. Thus, the policy has increased the productivity of persons living with AIDS. Additionally, the policy has lowered the high cost of emergency department visits, outpatient visits, and hospitalizations.
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The policy has increased the amount of funds assigned to HIV/AIDS programs. Thus, this policy has enhanced access to high-quality medical care among Canadians affected by HIV/AIDs, improving independence and productivity. The policy has also expanded access to HIV/AIDs screening/preventive services. As a result, HIV/AIDs positive cases and related deaths have reduced significantly in Canada. Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay |
| The effect of health policy on nurses’ roles | Nurses advocate for their patients’ needs in various clinical settings. In the US, nurses spend more time with HIV/AIDS-affected populations. Thus, nurses advocate for access to high-quality care and equity in access to HIV/AIDS-related medical care and treatment services to achieve better health outcomes in this patient population (Ikeda et al., 2019).
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The adopted policy focuses on creating HIV awareness among community members to curb the spread of the virus. Therefore, nurses, especially community health nurses, collaborate with other agencies in creating HIV/AIDs awareness among Canadians. Educating the Canadian population about HIV/AIDs screening and testing plays a significant role in reducing the HIV spreading rate in the country (Laprise & Bolster-Foucault, 2021).
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| The impact of HIV/AIDs on local healthcare organizations | HIV/AIDs population is at a significantly high risk of opportunistic diseases and other health complications. For this reason, the pandemic has increased workload and expenditure in US healthcare organizations. Additionally, HIV/AIDs has necessitated amendment of the current policy provisions to enhance access to quality medical care in the affected population. For example, the US federal government has adopted new policies to address SDoH among citizens living with HIV/AIDS (Jeffries & Henny, 2019). Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay
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In Canada, there is a dramatic increase in HIV/AIDs positive cases, increased demand for healthcare services, and a rising workload in local healthcare organizations. Canada lacks a universal coverage program to cater for the management and treatment of HIV/AIDS-related medical issues (Demeke et al., 2024). Thus, the high cost of treatment for HIV/AIDS-related health complications and loss of productivity predisposed the affected population to a high economic burden. For this reason, the Canadian government should amend its current provisions or introduce new policies to enhance access to quality and affordable medical care among Canadians living with HIV/AIDs. |
| General Notes | The multi-factorial policy adopted by the US government has been effective in fighting HIV/AIDs in the country. Thus, other countries should adopt similar initiatives to curb the spread of HIV/AIDs among their citizens.
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Creating HIV/AIDs awareness has effectively enhanced HIV/AIDs prevention and management in Canada. Therefore, other states can adopt this intervention in their fight against the HIV/AIDs pandemic. Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay |
Part 2: The Social Change Plan
I would advocate for incorporating a global perspective into my local practice. The global perspective must consider diverse cultural groups to meet the health needs of HIV/AIDs affected persons from various cultural backgrounds. For instance, incorporating global perspectives into HIV/AIDs awareness programs will improve HIV/AIDs prevention and management in diverse populations. Additionally, I will recommend using evidence-based interventions recognized globally in the fight against HIV/AIDS (Catton, 2020). As a result, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS cases and related deaths will be reduced globally. Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay
Using a global perspective in the fight against the HIV/AIDS pandemic will impact my role as a nurse leader in a local practice. First, the global perspective will contribute to the development of cultural competencies. Ličen et al. (2019) state that nurses’ cultural competencies improve health outcomes in diverse patient populations. As a nurse, I will incorporate cultural competence skills into my practice that has culturally diverse groups. This strategy will result in better outcomes among HIV/AIDs affected persons with diverse cultural backgrounds.
Integrating the global perspective with my nurse leader’s role in the local practice will contribute to social change. Social change focuses on improving the community members’ overall health status and quality of life. Therefore, social change efforts must align with a particular health issue affecting the targeted population. As a result, an appropriate social change plan should be developed to curb the HIV/AIDS pandemic at the national and international levels. For instance, improving nurses’ cultural competence will prepare them to work with individual patients and groups with diverse cultural backgrounds. Therefore, incorporating a global lens in the management of the HIV/AIDs pandemic will result in better health outcomes and improved quality of life in the HIV/AIDs affected population. Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay
References
Beyrer, C. (2021). Work undone—HIV/AIDS in the USA. Science, 372(6549), 1369–1369. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abk0619
Catton, H. (2020). Global nursing leadership: Alive and kicking in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. International Nursing Review, 67(3), 301–302. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12623
Davy-Mendez, T., Napravnik, S., Eron, J. J., Cole, S. R., Van Duin, D., Wohl, D. A., … & Berry, S. A. (2021). Racial, ethnic, and gender disparities in hospitalizations among persons with HIV in the United States and Canada, 2005–2015. Aids, 35(8), 1229-1239. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002876
Demeke, J., Djiadeu, P., Yusuf, A., Whitfield, D. L., Lightfoot, D., Worku, F., … & Nelson, L. E. (2024). HIV Prevention and Treatment Interventions for Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in Canada: Scoping Systematic Review. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 10, e40493. https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/40493,
Gormley, R., Lin, S. Y., Carter, A., Nicholson, V., Webster, K., Martin, R. E., Milloy, M.-J., Pick, N., Howard, T., Wang, L., de Pokomandy, A., Loutfy, M., Kaida, A., Abdul-Noor, R., Anema, A., Angel, J., Bakombo, D. M., Barry, F., Bauer, G., … on behalf of the CHIWOS Research Team. (2020). Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Among Recently Incarcerated Women Living with HIV in Canada. AIDS and Behavior, 24(4), 1212–1225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02666-7
Haddad, N., Robert, A., Weeks, A., Popovic, N., Siu, W., & Archibald, C. (2019). HIV in Canada—Surveillance Report, 2018. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 45(12), 304–312. https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v45i12a01
Ikeda, D. J., Nyblade, L., Srithanaviboonchai, K., & Agins, B. D. (2019). A quality improvement approach to the reduction of HIV-related stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings. BMJ Global Health, 4(3). Doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001587
Jeffries, W. L., & Henny, K. D. (2019). From epidemiology to action: the case for addressing social determinants of health to end HIV in the Southern United States. AIDS and Behavior, 23, 340-346. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-019-02687-2
Laprise, C., & Bolster-Foucault, C. (2021). Understanding barriers and facilitators to HIV testing in Canada from 2009-2019: A systematic mixed studies review. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 47(2), 105-125. DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v47i02a03
Ličen, S., Karnjuš, I., Bogataj, U., Rebec, D., & Prosen, M. (2019). Cultural competence in nursing and its impact on the quality of care for patients from culturally diverse groups: A systematic literature review. Women, Migrations and Health, 173. DOI:10.26493/978-961-7055-43-6.173-186
Mc Lean, R., Forsythe, S., Semini, I., & Whiteside, A. (2021). The next and last pandemics–The consequences of COVID-19 and its impact on the HIV/AIDS response. African Journal of AIDS Research, 20(4), 255-258. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2021.2015667
Padamsee, T. J. (2020). Fighting an epidemic in political context: thirty-five years of HIV/AIDS policy making in the United States. Social History of Medicine, 33(3), 1001-1028. https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hky108
Santos, G. M., Ackerman, B., Rao, A., Wallach, S., Ayala, G., Lamontage, E., … & Howell, S. (2021). Economic, mental health, HIV prevention and HIV treatment impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 response on a global sample of cisgender gay men and other men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior, 25, 311-321. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10461-020-02969-0.
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Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix
Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following: Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay
Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.
Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each policy.
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the global health issue you selected. Be specific and provide examples.
Using the WHO’s Organization’s global health agenda as well as the results of your own research, analyze how each country’s government addresses cost, quality, and access to the global health issue selected.
Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the health of the global population. Be specific and provide examples.
Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the role of the nurse in each country.
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. Be specific and provide examples. Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay
Part 2: A Plan for Social Change
Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment and the impact that global health issues may have on the world, the U.S., your community, as well as your practice as a nurse leader.
In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples Social Determinants of Health and Retention in HIV Care Essay
