The Macroscopic And Microscopic Fungi Discussion

Chapter 5 Summary

The Kingdom Mycenae or fungi has different forms of complexity and variety.  About 3 to 4 million pieces of fungi are divided into two distinct groups namely the macroscopic and microscopic fungi. The macroscopic fungi include puffballs, gill fungi, and mushrooms while the microscopic fungi include yeasts and molds.  Most of the fungi are colonial or unicellular and others like puffballs and mushrooms are considered to be multicellular. The cells of the microscopic fungi exist in two morphological types and they include hyphae and yeast. A yeast cell is oval in shape and it uses asexual reproduction.  Some of the species can be categorized as a pseudohypa and this means that the chain of yeasts was formed when the buds were attached in a row. All fungi can be categorized as heterotrophs to mean that they acquire nutrients from several organic materials known as substrates. The Macroscopic And Microscopic Fungi Discussion

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The cells in the microscopic fungi often grow in loose colonies or associations These colonies of yeast are similar to those of the bacteria and they have a soft and uniform appearance and texture. It is evident that these colonies have textures similar to hairs, cotton, and velvet and they stay in filaments. The woven intertwin in masses of hyphae make up a mycelium which is a colony of molds. Besides, the hyphae have eukaryotic organelles and they have some very unique organizational features.

Fungi have successful and very complex reproductive strategies. Most of them can propagate by the simple outward growth of the existing hyphae or fragmentation whereby, separate mycelium pieces generate an entirely new colony. The primary reproductive mode of fungi involves the production of distinct types of spores. Fungal spores support multiplication and they make survival easier by producing genetic dissemination and variations.

Asexual spore has several subtypes and includes conidiospores and sporangiospores. Sporangiospores are formed through mote successful cleavages in the sporangium, which is a saclike head that is attached to a stalk. The spores are enclosed in the beginning and they are released after the sporangium ruptures. Conidiospores are free spores that are not enclosed through a spore-bearing sac. They develop by punching off the tip of a special hypha, which is fertile, and through segmentation of a pre-existing vegetative hypha. Fungi propagate themselves using many asexual spores. The Macroscopic And Microscopic Fungi Discussion

Critical variations occur when fungi with different genetic makeup combine their genetic materials. Like in animals and plants, they link the genes from two parents to create offspring using a distinct combination of genes from either parent. The offspring from such a union may have a variation in the form and function that are potentially advantageous in adapting and survival.

Most fungi tend to produce sexual spores at some point. The nature of the process differs from the simple fusion in the fertile hyphae of two distinct strains to a complex union in the differentiated female and male structures and it leads to developments in special fruiting structures. Surprisingly, the flesh part of the mushroom is a fruiting body that protects and helps in disseminating sexual spores. Fungi are part of the medical specimen and they are first isolated on special types of media and observed microscopically and macroscopically. The fungi have some characteristics like the fact that it has a colony texture and pigmentation and has a genetic makeup and physiological characteristics. The Macroscopic And Microscopic Fungi Discussion