Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

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Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

 

Insomnia is one of the most common medical conditions you will encounter as a PNP. Insomnia is a common symptom of many mental illnesses, including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and ADHD (Abbott, 2016). Various studies have demonstrated the bidirectional relationship between insomnia and mental illness. In fact, about 50% of adults with insomnia have a mental health problem, while up to 90% of adults with depression experience sleep problems (Abbott, 2016). Due to the interconnected psychopathology, it is important that you, as the PNP, understand the importance of the effects some psychopharmacologic treatments may have on a patient’s mental health illness and their sleep patterns.Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

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Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay. Therefore, it is important that you understand and reflect on the evidence-based research in developing treatment plans to recommend proper sleep practices to your patients as well as recommend appropriate psychopharmacologic treatments for optimal health and well-being.Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

Reference: Abbott, J. (2016). What’s the link between insomnia and mental illness? Health. https://www.sciencealert.com/what-exactly-is-the-link-between-insomnia-and-mental-illness#:~:text=Sleep%20problems%20such%20as%20insomnia%20are%20a%20common,bipolar%20disorder%2C%20and%20attention%20deficit%20hyperactivity%20disorder%20%28ADHD%29

For this Discussion, review the case Learning Resources and the case study excerpt presented. Reflect on the case study excerpt and consider the therapy approaches you might take to assess, diagnose, and treat the patient’s health needs. Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

Case: An elderly widow who just lost her spouse. 

Subjective: A patient presents to your primary care office today with chief complaint of insomnia. Patient is 75 YO with PMH of DM, HTN, and MDD. Her husband of 41 years passed away 10 months ago. Since then, she states her depression has gotten worse as well as her sleep habits. The patient has no previous history of depression prior to her husband’s death. She is awake, alert, and oriented x3. Patient normally sees PCP once or twice a year. Patient denies any suicidal ideations. Patient arrived at the office today by private vehicle. Patient currently takes the following medications: Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

· Metformin 500mg BID 

· Januvia 100mg daily 

· Losartan 100mg daily 

· HCTZ 25mg daily 

· Sertraline 100mg daily 

Current weight: 88 kg

Current height: 64 inches

Temp: 98.6 degrees F

BP: 132/86 

Post a response to each of the following:

· List three questions you might ask the patient if she were in your office. Provide a rationale for why you might ask these questions.

· Identify people in the patient’s life you would need to speak to or get feedback from to further assess the patient’s situation. Include specific questions you might ask these people and why. Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

· Explain what, if any, physical exams, and diagnostic tests would be appropriate for the patient and how the results would be used.

· List a differential diagnosis for the patient. Identify the one that you think is most likely and explain why. Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

· List two pharmacologic agents and their dosing that would be appropriate for the patient’s antidepressant therapy based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. From a mechanism of action perspective, provide a rationale for why you might choose one agent over the other.

· For the drug therapy you select, identify any contraindications to use or alterations in dosing that may need to be considered based on the client’s ethnicity. Discuss why the contraindication/alteration you identify exists. That is, what would be problematic with the use of this drug in individuals of other ethnicities?Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

· Include any “check points” (i.e., follow-up data at Week 4, 8, 12, etc.), and indicate any therapeutic changes that you might make based on possible outcomes that may happen given your treatment options chosen. Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

Diagnosis

Your doctor may order lab work or imaging scans to help determine what’s causing your symptoms.

Laboratory tests

Many infectious diseases have similar signs and symptoms. Samples of body fluids can sometimes reveal evidence of the particular microbe that’s causing the illness. This helps the doctor tailor treatment.

  • Blood tests. A technician obtains a sample of blood by inserting a needle into a vein, usually in the arm.
  • Urine tests. This painless test requires you to urinate into a container. To avoid potential contamination of the sample, you may be instructed to cleanse your genital area with an antiseptic pad and to collect the urine midstream.
  • Throat swabs. Samples from the throat, or other moist areas of the body, may be obtained with a sterile swab.
  • Stool sample. You may be instructed to collect a stool sample so a lab can check the sample for parasites and other organisms.
  • Spinal tap (lumbar puncture). This procedure obtains a sample of the cerebrospinal fluid through a needle carefully inserted between the bones of the lower spine. You’ll usually be asked to lie on your side with your knees pulled up toward your chest.Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

Imaging scans

Imaging procedures — such as X-rays, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging — can help pinpoint diagnoses and rule out other conditions that may be causing symptoms.

Biopsies

During a biopsy, a tiny sample of tissue is taken from an internal organ for testing. For example, a biopsy of lung tissue can be checked for a variety of fungi that can cause a type of pneumonia.Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

Treatment

Knowing what type of germ is causing your illness makes it easier for your doctor to choose appropriate treatment.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are grouped into “families” of similar types. Bacteria also are put together in groups of similar types, such as streptococcus or E. coli.

Certain types of bacteria are especially susceptible to particular classes of antibiotics. Treatment can be targeted more precisely if your doctor knows what type of bacteria you’re infected with.

Antibiotics are usually reserved for bacterial infections, because these types of drugs have no effect on illnesses caused by viruses. But sometimes it’s difficult to tell which type of germ is at work. For example, pneumonia can be caused by a bacterium, a virus, a fungus or a parasite.Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

The overuse of antibiotics has resulted in several types of bacteria developing resistance to one or more varieties of antibiotics. This makes these bacteria much more difficult to treat.

Antivirals

Drugs have been developed to treat some, but not all, viruses. Examples include the viruses that cause:

  • HIV/AIDS
  • Herpes
  • Hepatitis B
  • Hepatitis C
  • Influenza

Antifungals

Topical antifungal medications can be used to treat skin or nail infections caused by fungi. Some fungal infections, such as those affecting the lungs or the mucous membranes, can be treated with an oral antifungal. More-severe internal organ fungal infections, especially in people with weakened immune systems, may require intravenous antifungal medications.Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

Anti-parasitics

Some diseases, including malaria, are caused by tiny parasites. While there are drugs to treat these diseases, some varieties of parasites have developed resistance to the drugs.Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

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Clinical trials

Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this condition.

Lifestyle and home remedies

Many infectious diseases, such as colds, will resolve on their own. Drink plenty of fluids and get lots of rest.

Alternative medicine

A number of products have claimed to help fend off common illnesses, such as the cold or flu. While some of these substances have appeared promising in early trials, follow-up studies may have had conflicting or inconclusive results. More research needs to be done.

Some of the substances that have been studied for preventing or shortening the duration of infection include:

  • Cranberry
  • Echinacea
  • Garlic
  • Ginseng
  • Goldenseal
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin D
  • Zinc

Check with your doctor before trying any products that promise to boost your immune system or chase colds and other illnesses away. Some of these products may cause allergic reactions or interact adversely with other medications you may be taking.Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

Preparing for your appointment

You’ll probably first see your primary care doctor. Depending on the severity of your infection, as well as which of your organ systems is affected by the infection, your doctor may refer you to a specialist. For example, a dermatologist specializes in skin conditions, and a pulmonologist treats lung disorders.Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

What you can do

You may want to write a list that includes:

  • Detailed descriptions of your symptoms
  • Information about medical problems you’ve had
  • Information about your parents’ or siblings’ medical problems
  • All the medications and dietary supplements you take
  • Questions you want to ask the doctor

Preparing a list of questions for your doctor will help you make the most of your time together. For infectious diseases, some basic questions to ask your doctor include:Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.

  • What’s the most likely cause of my symptoms?
  • Are there other possible causes for my symptoms?
  • What kinds of tests do I need?
  • Is my condition likely temporary or long lasting?
  • What treatment do you recommend?
  • I have other health conditions. How can I best manage these conditions together?
  • Is there a generic alternative to the medicine you’re prescribing?
  • Are there any brochures or other printed material that I can take home with me? What websites do you recommend?

What to expect from your doctor

Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions, including:

  • When did your symptoms begin?
  • Do your symptoms come and go, or do you have symptoms all the time?
  • How severe are your symptoms?
  • Have you recently come into contact with anyone who’s sick?
  • Have you been bitten or scratched by an animal or come into contact with animal feces?
  • Do you have any insect bites?
  • Have you eaten undercooked meat or unwashed vegetables?
  • Have you been out of the country recently?Treatment For A Patient With A Common Condition Essay.